Evidence mapPaperPMID 40822001Full record

ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2025

Comparative assessment of antidepressant-related behaviors of citalopram, crocin, and their combination in non-acute restraint stress and acute restraint stress mice.

Maryam Parhizkari, Fatemeh Khakpai, Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast

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In one paragraph

Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Maryam ParhizkariDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fatemeh KhakpaiDepartment of Physiology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad-Reza ZarrindastDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many studies demonstrated the role of citalopram (the bromohydrate of citalopram, which inhibits 5-HT reuptake) and crocin (a carotenoid chemical compound, antioxidant, antidepressant) in the modulation of depression-related behaviors. This research aimed to assess a possible interaction between citalopram and crocin on the modulation of depression-related behaviors in non-acute restraint stress (NARS) and acute restraint stress (ARS) mice. ARS was induced using movement restraint for 4 hours. Depression-related behaviors were measured using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and splash test (ST). The results indicated that induction of ARS increased immobility time in the FST and TST but decreased grooming duration in the ST, indicating depression-related behaviors. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of citalopram (4 mg/kg) and crocin (40 mg/kg) separately induced antidepressant-related behaviors in the NARS and ARS mice due to the reduction of immobility time in the FST and TST but augmentation of grooming duration in the ST. Furthermore, i.p. co-treatment of citalopram (1 mg/kg) and crocin (40 mg/kg) induced stronger antidepressant-related behaviors rather than alone injection of them. Moreover, the results showed a synergistic effect between citalopram and crocin on the induction of antidepressant-related behaviors in male mice. In conclusion, our results exhibited an interaction between citalopram and crocin on the modulation of depression-related behaviors in the NARS and ARS mice.

Indexed as

Acute restraint stress (ARS)CitalopramCrocinDepressionMiceNon-acute restraint stress (NARS)

Identifiers

PMID40822001
PMCPMC12356023

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.