Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40822523›Full record

ArticleFood science & nutrition2025

Encapsulation of Green Tea Extract (GTE) in Nanoliposome and Assessment of Its Characterization and In Vitro Release Study of GTE.

Nadia Ahmadi, Parham Joolaei Ahranjani, Ladan Rashidi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Food science & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nadia AhmadiFood Technology and Agriculture Products Research Center Standard Research Institute (SRI) Karaj Iran.
Parham Joolaei AhranjaniFaculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences Free University of Bolzano-Bozen Bolzano Italy.
Ladan RashidiFood Technology and Agriculture Products Research Center Standard Research Institute (SRI) Karaj Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7759

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to encapsulate GTE in liposomes using a thin-film ultrasonic dispersion method to enhance its stability and bioavailability. The optimal formulation used a tea polyphenol-to-lecithin ratio of 0.125:1, lecithin-to-cholesterol ratio of 4:1, and PBS at pH 6.62, yielding liposomes with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 60.09%, corresponding to the optimized formulation (Sample T25: phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol ratio of 2:1, 0.6% Tween 80, and 1000 ppm GTE), selected for its balance of size, stability, and performance, a particle size of 99.2 ± 0.34 nm, and a zeta potential of approximately -30 mV. Antioxidant activity, measured by the DPPH assay, showed that encapsulation significantly improved the free radical scavenging ability of green tea polyphenols. Additionally, release kinetics in simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF) followed a biphasic profile, with an initial burst release followed by sustained release, fitting best with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Stability studies demonstrated that the liposomal formulation maintained consistent particle size and EE over 90 days, confirming its ability to preserve GTE's bioactivity under simulated physiological conditions. These findings emphasize the potential of liposome-encapsulated green tea polyphenols as an effective delivery system, offering enhanced stability and bioavailability for food and therapeutic applications. The study provides insights into optimizing liposomal formulations for the delivery of bioactive compounds, supporting their use in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Indexed as

antioxidant efficacybioavailabilityencapsulationgreen tea extract (GTE)nanoliposome

Identifiers

PMID40822523
PMCPMC12357174

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.