Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40822702›Full record

ArticleContemporary clinical trials communications2025

The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and fluency shaping techniques on enhancing speech fluency in adults who stutter: Protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Kowsar Esfandeh, Ahmad Reza Khatoonabadi, Hamid Karimi, Michael Nitsche, Abbas Ebadi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kowsar EsfandehDepartment of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad Reza KhatoonabadiDepartment of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamid KarimiFaculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
Michael NitscheDepartment of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Abbas EbadiNursing Care Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Stuttering is a condition that usually begins in childhood and may continue into adulthood. In this study, it is suggested that the combined approach of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with fluency shaping techniques will result in greater improvements in speech fluency compared to using fluency shaping techniques alone. Methods: This study is designed as a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. All participants will participate in speech therapy sessions. The intervention group will receive anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, while the control group will experience sham stimulation. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of these groups. Before starting the treatment program, a preintervention assessment will be conducted to determine the severity of stuttering. Once these assessments are completed, each participant will take part in intervention sessions. Post-intervention evaluations will take place immediately after and six weeks after the final intervention session. Additionally, to evaluate the long-term stability of the treatment results, follow-up evaluations will be carried out three months post-treatment. The primary outcome measure-the ratio of stuttered syllables-will be evaluated during pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments; secondary outcomes will encompass scores from the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering, severity ratings, and evaluations of speech naturalness. Conclusions: The results of this study will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of combining tDCS with fluency shaping intervention on stuttering. This effect is likely to involve not only a reduction in SS% but also improvements in the overall quality of life for adults who stutter. Trial registration: IRCT20230907059369N1.

Indexed as

Adults who stutterFluency shapingSpeech fluencyStutteringTranscranial direct current stimulation

Identifiers

PMID40822702
PMCPMC12356386

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.