Evidence mapPaperPMID 40822938Full record

Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Sex differences in 10-year cardiovascular risk of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study.

Xiang Zhao, Ke He, Ji Li, Lingyan Zhou, Ling Liu, Xiwan Lu, Yan Jiang

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiang Zhao *Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Ke He *Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.
Ji LiDepartment of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Lingyan ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.
Ling LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.
Xiwan LuDepartment of Endocrinology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.
Yan JiangDepartment of Endocrinology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate gender-specific variations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification and its modifiable determinants among individuals concurrently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 2,357 patients with T2DM (1,120 males and 1,237 females) who were hospitalized at Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between 2018 and 2024. Participants were categorized into the SCH (n=196) and the euthyroid subgroups (n=2,161). The 10-year probability of cardiovascular events was estimated based on the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) model. Sex-specific differences in SCH prevalence and CVD risk were examined, and associations between FRS and biomarkers-namely thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), cystatin C (CysC) and other factors-were analyzed via Spearman's correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression. Results: The prevalence of SCH in T2DM patients was 9.06% (10.02% in females vs. 6.43% in males). Male patients diagnosed with SCH exhibited an elevated FRS compared to their euthyroid counterparts (21.00 vs. 20.00, Conclusion: This study identified higher FRS in male versus female patients with comorbid T2DM and SCH, potentially mediated by sex-specific variations in TSH, FT4, and CysC levels. These results underscore the importance of implementing sex-specific strategies for CVD risk management in this population.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypothyroidismAdultAgedBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsBiomarkersThyrotropincardiovascular disease riskcomorbiditysex differencessubclinical hypothyroidismtype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40822938
PMCPMC12350142

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.