Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40823209›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Clade I or clade II? Targeting essential viral genes to differentiate monkeypox virus clades by multiplex real-time PCR.

William S Probert, Alex Espinosa, Jill K Hacker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay for Vesicular Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

William S ProbertViral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States.
Alex EspinosaViral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States.
Jill K HackerViral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing incidence and global spread of mpox have prompted the World Health Organization to twice declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Sustained human-to-human transmission, largely through sexual contact, and waning population immunity to smallpox have accelerated monkeypox virus evolution and driven the emergence of variants that can adversely affect the performance of existing molecular diagnostic tests. To minimize the risk of PCR target drop out and better detect and monitor emerging monkeypox virus variants, we have developed and validated a multiplex real-time PCR (MpoxEG4-plex rPCR) targeting highly conserved and essential orthopoxvirus genes for the detection of four analytes: orthopoxviruses, monkeypox virus, clade I monkeypox virus, and clade II monkeypox virus. The assay limit of detection was ≤ 9 genome copies per reaction, and the clinical accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were > 96% for each analyte. The new assay was implemented to help confirm the first case of clade I mpox in the United States. The MpoxEG4-plex rPCR offers an accurate, informative, and reliable molecular diagnostic test for identifying cases and tracking case contacts in support of public health efforts to prevent and control the spread of mpox.

Indexed as

Monkeypox virusMpox, MonkeypoxMultiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionHumansSensitivity and Specificitydisease outbreaksessential genesmpoxmultiplex polymerase chain reactionorthopoxviruspublic health surveillance

Identifiers

PMID40823209
PMCPMC12354367

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.