ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Identification of glycolysis-related molecular subtypes and prognostic model in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- HMMR in human cancers: regulatory mechanism and biological function.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor, notable for its high heterogeneity. Glycolysis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance across various malignancies, while the therapeutic implications of targeting glycolysis remain underexplored. This study aims to identify glycolysis-related molecular subtypes, explore their functional heterogeneity, and develop a prognostic model for iCCA.
methodsConsensus clustering based on 121 glycolysis-related prognostic genes was performed to classify iCCA patients. Functional enrichment analyses revealed key biological pathways associated with tumor progression. A 9-gene risk model (ALDH1B1, DDIT4, GALE, HK1, HMMR, PGAM1, PGK1, PLOD1, SAP30) was constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. HMMR, a glycolysis-related gene, was further investigated for its clinical significance.
resultsTwo molecular subtypes with distinct survival outcomes (p < 0.001) were identified. Functional analyses further revealed that upregulated genes in the C1 subtype were enriched in hypoxia, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, p53, and apoptosis pathways. A risk model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with worse survival in the high-risk group (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.76 for 1-year, 0.80 for 3-year). A nomogram incorporating the risk score and clinical factors (γ-GT, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis) achieved a C-index of 0.793. Finally, we identified HMMR as a candidate prognostic biomarker for iCCA patients. Moreover, HMMR was overexpressed in iCCA and associated with poor prognosis, while its knockdown significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe glycolysis-based risk model enables precise patient stratification and may facilitate clinical decision-making, while HMMR represents a promising therapeutic target, offering novel insights into iCCA prognosis and treatment.
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