Evidence mapPaperPMID 40824331Full record

ArticleDiscover oncology2025

Identification of glycolysis-related molecular subtypes and prognostic model in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Yue Wang, Pengxiang Wang, Hui Liu, Haokang Feng, Muzi Cao, Zefan Zhang, Keqiang Rao, Jia Fan, Xiutao Fu, Yunfan Sun

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yue Wang *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Pengxiang Wang *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Hui LiuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Haokang FengDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Muzi CaoDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Zefan ZhangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Keqiang RaoDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Jia FanDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. fan.jia@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
Xiutao FuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. fu.xiutao@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
Yunfan SunDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. yunfan_sun@msn.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82073222the National Natural Science foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China 82222057
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor, notable for its high heterogeneity. Glycolysis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance across various malignancies, while the therapeutic implications of targeting glycolysis remain underexplored. This study aims to identify glycolysis-related molecular subtypes, explore their functional heterogeneity, and develop a prognostic model for iCCA.

methodsConsensus clustering based on 121 glycolysis-related prognostic genes was performed to classify iCCA patients. Functional enrichment analyses revealed key biological pathways associated with tumor progression. A 9-gene risk model (ALDH1B1, DDIT4, GALE, HK1, HMMR, PGAM1, PGK1, PLOD1, SAP30) was constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. HMMR, a glycolysis-related gene, was further investigated for its clinical significance.

resultsTwo molecular subtypes with distinct survival outcomes (p < 0.001) were identified. Functional analyses further revealed that upregulated genes in the C1 subtype were enriched in hypoxia, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, p53, and apoptosis pathways. A risk model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with worse survival in the high-risk group (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.76 for 1-year, 0.80 for 3-year). A nomogram incorporating the risk score and clinical factors (γ-GT, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis) achieved a C-index of 0.793. Finally, we identified HMMR as a candidate prognostic biomarker for iCCA patients. Moreover, HMMR was overexpressed in iCCA and associated with poor prognosis, while its knockdown significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (p < 0.001).

conclusionsThe glycolysis-based risk model enables precise patient stratification and may facilitate clinical decision-making, while HMMR represents a promising therapeutic target, offering novel insights into iCCA prognosis and treatment.

Indexed as

GlycolysisHMMRIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA)Molecular subtypesPrognostic risk modelTherapeutic target

Identifiers

PMID40824331
PMCPMC12361035

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.