Evidence mapPaperPMID 40824351Full record

ArticleClinical and experimental nephrology2025

Association between chronic kidney disease and depression: evidence from the NHANES 2015-2018 and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Xi Cheng, Xiting Cai, Jinzhao Ma, Yuming Feng, Zhichuan Zou, Wenhua Wang, Li Chen, Bing Yao

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Article in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xi Cheng *Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Xiting Cai *Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Jinzhao MaCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Yuming FengCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Zhichuan ZouCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Wenhua WangCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Li ChenCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. chenli1978@nju.edu.cn.
Bing YaoCenter of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University. No.305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. yaobing@nju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-2220

Funding

Nanjing Jinling Hospital 22LCYY-QH5National Natural Science Foundation of China 82101757
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere was a link between depression and chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet causal relationship between them remains underexplored. This study was conducted to explore this relationship and offer fresh perspectives on how CKD affected depression risk.

methodsInitially, 7537 subjects from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were categorized into depression and control groups based on Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Afterwards, the baseline characteristics and risk association analyses (weighted multivariate/stratified logistic regression analyses) were applied to evaluate associations of CKD and various covariates with depression. The predictive ability of CKD for depression risk was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Eventually, the relationship between CKD and depression was further corroborated by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

resultsIn addition to CKD, eight covariates like age and gender demonstrated significant associations with depression, with marked differences exhibited between depression (n = 365) and control (n = 3373) groups. Notably, CKD emerged as a risk factor for depression across three logistic regression models (OR > 1, 95% CI ≠ 1, p < 0.05). The association between CKD and depression was robust and stable, minimally influenced by covariates. Additionally, an area under curve (AUC) of 0.818 demonstrated significant predictive effectiveness of CKD as a risk factor for depression. Eventually, a positive causal relationship between CKD and depression was confirmed by MR analysis (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.000-1.003, p < 0.05).

conclusionCKD could increase the risk of depression, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to mitigate this risk.

Indexed as

DepressionRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsUnited StatesChronic kidney diseaseDepressionMendelian randomizationNHANES

Identifiers

PMID40824351

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.