Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40828892›Full record

ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2026

The detection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-10-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol in hair specimens.

Amy Racines, Joseph Jones, Katie Lea, Donna Coy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. In Vitro Metabolism of ΔDrug testing and analysis · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Amy RacinesUnited States Drug Testing Laboratories, LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60018, United States.ORCID 0009-0009-4524-1397
Joseph JonesUnited States Drug Testing Laboratories, LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60018, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2840-6929
Katie LeaUnited States Drug Testing Laboratories, LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60018, United States.
Donna CoyUnited States Drug Testing Laboratories, LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60018, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cannabinoid use and misuse has been rising since 2011, and the development of new cannabinoid derivatives, partially due to the passage of the Farm Bill in 2018, and more relaxed legislation, has complicated testing for this drug class. The impact on child welfare in homes with cannabis substance use remains a concern, so detection of environmental exposure to cannabinoids is hugely beneficial. This article reports a validated confirmation method which detects delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), delta-10-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ10-THC), and cannabidiol (CBD) in environmentally exposed hair specimens via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) following a supported liquid extraction. From February 2024 to October 2024, 30.5% (n = 1787) of specimens tested positive for at least one analyte. The most common analyte was Δ9-THC (26.8%, n = 1574), followed by Δ8-THC (9.0%, n = 528), CBD (6.1%, n = 359) and Δ10-THC (0.4%, n = 24). While most of the specimens contained multiple analytes, it was found that 21.4% of the positive specimens had a single analyte exposure: 1062 specimens only confirmed for Δ9-THC, 165 specimens only confirmed for Δ8-THC, and 28 specimens only confirmed CBD. The addition of Δ8-THC, Δ10-THC, and CBD to the cannabinoids assay improved the detection of cannabinoids related cases, increasing our total positivity rate by an additional 3.6% (n = 213). The detection of all these analytes is crucial for reliable and accurate detection of cannabinoid environmental exposure.

Indexed as

CannabidiolCannabinoidsDronabinolHairSubstance Abuse DetectionChromatography, LiquidHumansLimit of DetectionTandem Mass SpectrometryCannabidiolCannabinoidsDronabinolcannabidioldelta-10-tetrahydrocannabinoldelta-8-tetrahydrocannabinoldelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolhair analysis

Identifiers

PMID40828892
PMCPMC13079104

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.