Evidence mapPaperPMID 40828947Full record

Trial reportEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025

Evaluating Intensive Insulin Therapy With Empagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Study.

Nobutoshi Fushimi, Hiroki Hachiya, Tatsuya Iwasaka, Machi Nagao, Tomoki Masamura, Kohei Higashi, Akihiro Mori

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nobutoshi FushimiDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-6885
Hiroki HachiyaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.
Tatsuya IwasakaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.
Machi NagaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.
Tomoki MasamuraDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.
Kohei HigashiDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.
Akihiro MoriDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionGlucotoxicity exacerbates hyperglycemia by impairing insulin secretion and sensitivity, necessitating effective interventions. Although short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) mitigates glucotoxicity, the effect of combining SIIT with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in hospitalised type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe hyperglycemia remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining SGLT2 inhibitors with basal bolus therapy (BBT) for glycemic control in hospitalised patients with T2DM. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this randomised, open-label, single-centre trial, 35 eligible T2DM patients hospitalised for treating hyperglycemia were allocated to the BBT (n = 17) or BBT with empagliflozin (BBT + E) groups (n = 18). Patients were monitored for 7 days using flash glucose monitoring. The primary outcome was time-in-range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL). The secondary outcomes included time-above-range (TAR), time-below-range (TBR), daily glucose levels, total daily insulin dose and ketone body concentration.

resultsThe BBT + E group exhibited a significantly higher TIR from day 2, which exceeded 70% by day 5, with reduced TAR and insulin requirements. Blood glucose levels declined more rapidly in the BBT + E group, accompanied by a modest ketone elevation without severe ketoacidosis. The TBR increased marginally on day 7, primarily nocturnally; but no symptomatic hypoglycaemia occurred.

conclusionThe addition of SGLT2 inhibitors to BBT significantly improved early glycaemic control and reduced insulin requirements without severe ketone elevation in hospitalised T2DM patients. Routine monitoring of ketone levels and careful insulin titration are critical to ensure safety.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedBlood GlucoseDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeBenzhydryl CompoundsBlood GlucoseempagliflozinGlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsglucotoxicityhyperglycemiaintensive insulin therapySGL2 inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID40828947
PMCPMC12364101

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.