ArticlePediatric research2026
Early gestational weight gain and birth weight outcome: a Chinese population-based cohort.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Late Preschool BMI Acceleration as the Strongest Predictor of Childhood Cardiometabolic Risk at School Entry: A Dual-Trajectory Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly gestational weight gain (E-GWG) plays a crucial role in fetal development. Its timing and sex-specific impacts have not been thoroughly investigated, especially in Asian populations.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 66,291 mother-infant pairs from the Tianjin Women and Children's Health Care System were analyzed. Linear and logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between E-GWG and birth weight outcomes across BMI groups. We also analyzed the effects of E-GWG on the birth weight of infants born to pregnant women carrying male and female fetuses, respectively.
resultsE-GWG had a stronger impact on birth weight z-scores than late GWG (β 0.038 vs. 0.016, P < 0.001). In each BMI subgroup, E-GWG was positively correlated with the risk of LGA and negatively correlated with the risk of SGA (all P < 0.001). The lower the prepregnancy BMI, the more sensitive the birth weight outcomes were to the variation in E-GWG and full-term GWG. The equivalent increase of E-GWG has different effects on the birth weight of male or female newborns. A female newborn has a higher risk of LGA at birth than a male in the underweight, overweight, and obesity group (P < 0.05). Girls' mothers with low pre-pregnancy weight combined with E-GWG less than 10.7 kg had a particularly high risk of SGA. Male newborns have a higher risk of SGA than females with the same insufficient E-GWG in the normal weight and overweight groups. When the E-GWG of mothers with obesity was less than 3.0 kg, the SGA risk was increased for both male (OR 1.764, 95% CI 1.003-3.104) and female newborns (OR 2.540, 95% CI 1.364-4.729) compared with E-GWG more than 8.0 kg.
conclusionsInsufficient E-GWG of women with underweight highlights the risk of female SGA. Pregnant women with excessive E-GWG should be aware of the risk of LGA, especially those carrying female fetuses. IMPACT: Early GWG showed stronger impacts on birth weight outcomes (LGA/SGA) than late GWG, with BMI/sex effects. Female fetuses showed higher LGA odds with excessive E-GWG in moms with overweight/obesity; insufficient E-GWG in moms with underweight strongly correlated with female-specific SGA vulnerability. Findings warrant BMI/sex-tailored GWG guidelines to optimize Asian perinatal health and reduce long-term metabolic risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.