ArticleJournal of diabetes research2025
Association Between Diabetes and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study on the Differential Role of Metabolic Profiles.
Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Do We Have Enough Evidence That Metformin Is Superior to Other Antidiabetic Drugs in Pancreatic Cancer Risk Reduction?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating (i) whether diabetes is associated with each site-specific cancer and (ii) whether metabolic factors (lipids and liver enzyme) are differentially linked to different site-specific cancers by diabetes status. A retrospective cohort study was performed using electronic health records of Hong Kong. Patients who utilized public healthcare services between the year 1997 and 2021 with complete laboratory records and no cancer history were included. Patients were followed up until December 31, 2021. The associations with each site-specific cancer (colon and rectum, liver, pancreas, bladder, kidney, stomach, and lung) were assessed using Cox regression. A total of 197,906 patients were included. Patients with primarily Type 2 diabetes had a higher risk of developing liver and pancreatic cancers (aHRs for liver: 1.39, 95% CI = 1.11-1.75; pancreas: 2.04, 95% CI = 1.40-2.96) when compared to those without diabetes. Each 1 mmol/L increase in fasting glucose was associated with a 4% and 8% elevated risk of developing liver and pancreatic cancers, respectively. In general, lower lipids were linked to an increased risk of several malignancies (liver, pancreas, kidney, and stomach). In conclusion, diabetes is associated with an elevated risk of liver and pancreatic cancers. Baseline lipids and liver enzyme could be differentially linked to the risk of cancers at different organ sites by diabetes status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.