ReviewThe Saudi dental journal2025
Perspectives on tongue coating: etiology, clinical management, and associated diseases - a narrative review.
Review in The Saudi dental journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plant Exosome Injections in Tongue Wounds: A Comparative Histological and Immunohistochemical Experimental Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- From mouth to muscle: mechanistic and interventional perspectives on the tongue-coating microbiome in sarcopenia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- [Research Progress on Microbiome-Driven Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies for Oral Malodor].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine-based visual assessment of tongue features associated with current cancer vs. no cancer history: a matched case-control study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The association between tongue features and tongue coating microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Knowledge of tongue brushing among school children and their parents, and its effects on children's optimal sugar and salt preferences, dental caries, periodontal diseases, and body mass index.BMC research notes · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tongue coating (TC) is a biofilm comprising desquamated epithelial cells, food debris, and microorganisms. TC is commonly found across populations and may hold significant implications for both oral and systemic health. Factors such as age, diet, smoking, and systemic conditions influence its formation. TC is a primary reservoir for pathogenic bacteria and is closely linked to halitosis and periodontal disease. Beyond oral health, TC has been associated with systemic diseases, including aspiration pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, through mechanisms involving microbial translocation and low-grade inflammation. Literature search was performed using search engines and databases including, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Medline, utilizing key words such as "Tongue coating," "Tongue cleaning," "Halitosis and Oral malodor". This review assesses the etiology, composition, and health implications of TC, highlighting its microbial diversity and correlation with oral and systemic conditions. Additionally, it examines interventions such as mechanical cleaning, chemical treatments, and dietary modifications to manage TC effectively. Emphasizing tongue hygiene as part of routine oral care is crucial for enhancing oral health, mitigating systemic risks, and improving quality of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.