ArticlePloS one2025
Impact of frailty and its change on urinary incontinence: A longitudinal analysis from two prospective study of ageing.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to longitudinally investigate the impact of baseline frailty status and its changes over time on the risk of incident urinary incontinence (UI) in older adults, using data from two large prospective cohorts.
methodsThis study included community-dwelling older participants from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Frailty status was assessed using a Frailty Index (FI) categorized as robust, pre-frail, and frail. Changes in frailty status were evaluated at baseline and at a second survey two years later. The primary outcome was incident UI, determined by participant self-report. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), adjusting for multiple covariates.
resultsIn the baseline frailty status analysis, a total of 12,398 participants from CHARLS and 13,817 from HRS were included. Compared to robust participants, frail participants had a significantly increased risk of incident UI (CHARLS: HR 4.51, 95% CI 3.77-5.38; HRS: HR 2.25, 95% CI 2.07-2.46), and pre-frail participants also had a significantly increased risk (CHARLS: HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.79-2.55; HRS: HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.38-1.62). In the analysis of changes in frailty status, participants who progressed from robust to pre-frail/frail had a significantly increased risk of incident UI compared to those who remained robust (CHARLS: HR 2.81, 95% CI 1.94-4.08; HRS: HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24-1.68). Conversely, participants who recovered from frail to robust/pre-frail had a significantly decreased risk of incident UI compared to those who remained frail(CHARLS: HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.41-0.62; HRS: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69-0.90). Subgroup analyses revealed similar results.
conclusionFrailty and worsening frailty status are significantly associated with an increased risk of Urinary Incontinence in older adults, while recovery of frailty status is associated with a decreased risk.
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