Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40834402›Full record

ArticleAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2025

Combinations of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity in midlife and old age: implications for healthy cognitive aging.

Jeremy M Hamm, Margie E Lachman, Ryan McGrath, Katherine A Duggan, Kelly Parker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jeremy M HammDepartment of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1672-0868
Margie E LachmanDepartment of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, United States.
Ryan McGrathDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.
Katherine A DugganDepartment of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.
Kelly ParkerDepartment of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9233-2541

Funding

U19 MIDlife in the United States-Diversity Supplement-WellsU19AG051426 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAROL D. RYFF · 2016 to 2026
$74.8M
STATISTICS COREP01AG020166 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI RYFF, CAROL D. · 2002 to 2015
$50.6M
Integrative Pathways to Cognitive, Affective, and Brain HealthU01AG077928 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sterling C Johnson, MARGIE E LACHMAN · 2022 to 2026
$17.7M
Perceived Control and Cognitive Aging: Pathways to Preserve Cognitive Functioning and Reduce Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Socioeconomically Diverse PopulationsR01AG075117 · NIA · NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI HAMM, JEREMY · 2022 to 2025
$1.7M
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research NetworkMidlife in the United States StudyNIA NIH HHS P01 AG020166NIA NIH HHS P01-AG020166NIA NIH HHS R01 AG075117NIA NIH HHS R01AG075117NIA NIH HHS U01 AG077928NIA NIH HHS U01-AG077928NIA NIH HHS U19 AG051426NIA NIH HHS U19-AG051426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough the relationship between physical activity (PA) and healthy cognitive aging is well-established, little is known about how different combinations of PA across intensities and life domains may uniquely buffer against declines in cognitive health. PURPOSE: This study examined the role of modifiable profiles of light, moderate, and vigorous PA that may operate in tandem across domains to protect cognition in midlife and old age.

methodsUsing prospective 9-year data from the Midlife in the United States Study (n = 2688; Mage = 55 ± 11 years), we employed factor mixture models to identify baseline profiles (combinations) of light, moderate, and vigorous PA in the domains of work, home, and leisure. We subsequently examined profile differences in 9-year trajectories of cognitive aging across 2-waves of data using autoregressive analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs).

resultsFactor mixture model results showed that 5 common profiles emerged: low PA, low work PA, average PA, balanced PA, and high PA. Autoregressive ANCOVAs showed the balanced PA profile, which paired very high levels of light PA with relatively average levels of moderate and vigorous PA, experienced less decline in executive functioning than the low PA (P = .038) and low work PA profiles (P = .001). Contextualized effect sizes suggested that rates of 9-year decline in executive functioning for the balanced PA profile were reduced by more than 25% relative to the low PA and low work PA profiles.

conclusionsFindings suggest that balanced PA across life domains, with an emphasis on maintaining light PA, may help slow age-related cognitive declines in midlife and old age.

Indexed as

AgingCognitive AgingExerciseHealthy AgingAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesUnited Stateshealthy cognitive aginglongitudinalmodifiable health behaviorperson-centered approachphysical activity profiles

Identifiers

PMID40834402
PMCPMC12367223

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.