Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40840436›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026

Using Passive Sensing to Predict Psychosis Relapse: An In-Depth Qualitative Study Exploring Perspectives of People With Psychosis.

Emily Eisner, Hannah Ball, John Ainsworth, Matteo Cella, Natalie Chalmers, Sybil Clifford, Richard J Drake, Daniel Elton, Sophie Faulkner, Kathryn Greenwood and 18 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Emily EisnerDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Hannah BallDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
John AinsworthDivision of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Matteo CellaDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5701-0336
Natalie ChalmersSchool of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
Sybil CliffordSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
Richard J DrakeDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0220-4835
Daniel EltonThe McPin Foundation, London, E2 9DA, United Kingdom.
Sophie FaulknerDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Kathryn GreenwoodSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
Andrew GumleySchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TB, United Kingdom.
Gillian HaddockDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Kimberley M KendallMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
Alex KennyThe McPin Foundation, London, E2 9DA, United Kingdom.
Tor-Ivar KrogsæterThe McPin Foundation, London, E2 9DA, United Kingdom.
Jane LeesDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Shôn LewisDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Laura MacleanSchool of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
Kathryn O'HareSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TB, United Kingdom.
Alie PhiriThe McPin Foundation, London, E2 9DA, United Kingdom.
Cara RichardsonDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Matthias SchwannauerSchool of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
Rebecca TurnerDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0480-4626
Annabel WalshThe McPin Foundation, London, E2 9DA, United Kingdom.
James WaltersMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
Til WykesDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5881-8003
Uzma ZahidDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7849-4907
Sandra BucciDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.

Funding

National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Research Professorship Grant NIHR300794NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre NIHR203308NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre NIHR203318Wellcome 222875/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRelapses result in negative consequences for individuals with psychosis and considerable health service costs. Digital remote monitoring (DRM) systems incorporating "passive sensing" (sensor data gathered via smartphones/wearables) may be a low-burden method for identifying relapses early, enabling prompt intervention and potentially averting the consequences of full relapse.

objectiveThis study examined detailed views from people with psychosis about using passive sensing in this context. STUDY

designQualitative interviews, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Setting: Secondary care mental health services across the United Kingdom. An advisory group with relevant lived experience was involved throughout, from developing the topic guide to analysis. Participants: Clinician confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis (n = 58). STUDY

resultsFour overarching themes were developed. Theme 1 outlined participants' polarized feelings about passive sensing, highlighting specific challenges relating to privacy, especially regarding location data. Theme 2 examined participants' fears that clinicians might judge their movements or routines, creating a sense of pressure to modify their actions and undermining their autonomy. Theme 3 described potential solutions: offering users choice about what data are shared, when, and with whom. Theme 4 outlined specific benefits that participants valued, including intended functions of passive sensing within DRM (ease of use, early identification of relapse, and relevance of sleep monitoring) and novel uses.

conclusionsOur findings underline the importance of fully informed consent, choice, and autonomy. Given the potential privacy impacts, individuals are unlikely to engage with passive sensing unless they perceive clear personal benefits. Prospective DRM users need clear, accessible information about passive data collection and its relevant costs and benefits.

Indexed as

Psychotic DisordersSchizophreniaWearable Electronic DevicesAdultDigital HealthFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchRecurrenceRemote Patient MonitoringSmartphoneUnited KingdomYoung Adultactive symptom monitoringdigital phenotypingmachine learningpersonal sensingqualitative

Identifiers

PMID40840436
PMCPMC13391645

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.