ArticleJournal of nanotechnology2025
Controlling rate of release of tsetse fly repellent blend by encapsulating in β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles.
Article in Journal of nanotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reducing Close Encounters with Insect Pests and Vectors: The Past, Present and Future of Insect Repellents.Insects · 2026Review
- Semi-field evaluation of efficacy and residual activity of a microencapsulated pyriproxyfen formulation onMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Field responses of Glossina pallidipes and Glossina fuscipes fuscipes tsetse flies to Novel Repellent Blend and Waterbuck Repellent Compounds in Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tsetse flies are major vectors of African trypanosomiasis, with devastating medical and veterinary consequences in sub-Saharan region of Africa. Insect repellents are promising tool for control of tsetse flies in the region. A four-component tsetse-repellent blend (δ-nonalactone, heptanoic acid, 4-methylguaiacol and geranyl acetone) previously formulated and optimized was encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin for a slow controlled release. Here, we explored various methods of microencapsulating (kneading, co-precipitation, heating or freeze-drying) tsetse fly repellent blend in β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. We assessed release kinetics of the blends and individual compounds using Gas Chromatography linked with Flame Ionization Detector, and evaluated laboratory and field responses (repellence) of the flies by the encapsulated blends. We compared individual performances of releases kinetics of the encapsulated blend relative to non-encapsulated composites. Overall, kneading, co-precipitation, heating and freeze-drying micro-encapsulation techniques retained 72.0, 61.0, 59.5 and 57.3 % of the blend, respectively. Release rates of blends in 400- and 200-microns thick polythene sachets were 6.73 and 11.82 mg/h respectively, significantly (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.