Evidence mapPaperPMID 40843708Full record

ArticleProteomes2025

Multiplex Targeted Proteomic Analysis of Cytokine Ratios for ICU Mortality in Severe COVID-19.

Rúben Araújo, Cristiana P Von Rekowski, Tiago A H Fonseca, Cecília R C Calado, Luís Ramalhete, Luís Bento

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proteomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rúben AraújoNMS-NOVA Medical School, FCM-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-9369-6486
Cristiana P Von RekowskiNMS-NOVA Medical School, FCM-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0009-0009-6843-1935
Tiago A H FonsecaNMS-NOVA Medical School, FCM-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0741-2211
Cecília R C CaladoISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-5264-9755
Luís RamalheteNMS-NOVA Medical School, FCM-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8911-3380
Luís BentoNMS-NOVA Medical School, FCM-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia DSAIPA/DS/0117/2020Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa IPL/IDI&CA2024/R-DICIP_ISEL
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccurate and timely prediction of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, particularly those with COVID-19, remains clinically challenging due to complex immune responses. Proteomic cytokine profiling holds promise for refining mortality risk assessment.

methodsSerum samples from 89 ICU patients (55 discharged, 34 deceased) were analyzed using a multiplex 21-cytokine panel. Samples were stratified into three groups based on time from collection to outcome: ≤48 h (Group 1: Early), >48 h to ≤7 days (Group 2: Intermediate), and >7 days to ≤14 days (Group 3: Late). Cytokine levels, simple cytokine ratios, and previously unexplored complex ratios between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Machine learning-based feature selection identified the most predictive ratios, with performance evaluated by area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity.

resultsComplex cytokine ratios demonstrated superior predictive accuracy compared to traditional severity markers (APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA), individual cytokines, and simple ratios, effectively distinguishing discharged from deceased patients across all groups (AUC: 0.918-1.000; sensitivity: 0.826-1.000; specificity: 0.775-0.900).

conclusionsMultiplex cytokine profiling enhanced by computationally derived complex ratios may offer robust predictive capabilities for ICU mortality risk stratification, serving as a valuable tool for personalized prognosis in critical care.

Indexed as

complex cytokine ratioscritical carecytokine profilingICU mortalitymachine learningmultiplex cytokine analysisproteomics

Identifiers

PMID40843708
PMCPMC12372026

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.