Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40845127›Full record

ArticleScience immunology2025

HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors to the Apex epitope induced in nonhuman primates.

Krystal M Ma, Henry J Sutton, Payal P Pratap, Jon M Steichen, Diane Carnathan, James Quinn, Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy, Alessia Liguori, Sashank Agrawal, Sabyasachi Baboo and 33 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Deep learning-enabled scaffolding of spatial arrays of PfCSP epitopes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

43 authors.

Krystal M MaConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6519-2531
Henry J SuttonConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6472-7116
Payal P PratapConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7170-6866
Jon M SteichenConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4586-3251
Diane CarnathanConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-7073-3723
James QuinnConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-8581-5418
Oleksandr KalyuzhniyConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5273-1951
Alessia LiguoriConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8606-574X
Sashank AgrawalConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8549-9602
Sabyasachi BabooDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4547-5160
Patrick MaddenConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4527-5692
Christopher A CottrellConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3364-3083
Jordan R WillisConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0135-5263
Jeong-Hyun LeeConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7371-845X
Elise LandaisConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8183-5565
Xiaozhen HuConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3890-0533
Parham Ramezani-RadConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7276-6660
Gabriel OzorowskiConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9695-8138
Vanessa R LewisConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-6077-8975
Jolene K DiedrichDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6489-4558
Xiaoya ZhouConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-5074-5815
Tasha K AltheideConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Nicole PhelpsConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9613-3921
Erik GeorgesonConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5137-4625
Nushin B AlaviConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3848-6280
Danny LuConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2340-3377
Saman EskandarzadehConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0671-0770
Michael KubitzConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Yumiko AdachiConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0795-9375
Tina-Marie MullenConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6150-8084
Murillo SilvaConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Mariane B MeloConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0409-2454
Sunny HimansuModerna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7954-9674
Darrell J IrvineConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8637-1405
Dennis R BurtonConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6711-9864
John R YatesDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5267-1672
James C PaulsonDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4589-5322
Devin SokConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9354-1740
Ian A WilsonConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6469-2419
Guido SilvestriConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6602-2470
Andrew B WardConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7153-3769
Shane CrottyConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6484-6262
William R SchiefConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1120-0150

Funding

Identification of neutralizing epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike for design of vaccines and small-molecule antiviralsUM1AI144462 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI BURTON, DENNIS R. · 2019 to 2025
$201.6M
Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0M
Support Component D/Vaccine Discovery, Concept to ClinicUM1AI100663 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI BURTON, DENNIS R. · 2012 to 2018
$131.5M
Glycan dependent epitopes of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodiesR01AI113867 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI PAULSON, JAMES C, SCHIEF, WILLIAM R. · 2014 to 2018
$4.8M
Gates Foundation INV-002916Gates Foundation INV-007522Gates Foundation INV-008813NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI113867NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI100663NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144462NIH HHS P51 OD011132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An effective prophylactic HIV vaccine will likely need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). bnAbs to the Apex region of the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) are promising targets for vaccination because of their relatively low somatic hypermutation compared with other bnAbs. Most Apex bnAbs engage Env using an exceptionally long heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) containing specific binding motifs, which reduces bnAb precursor frequency and makes priming of rare bnAb precursors a likely limiting step in the path to Apex bnAb induction. We found that adjuvanted protein or mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) immunization of rhesus macaques with ApexGT6, an Env trimer engineered to bind Apex bnAb precursors, consistently induced Apex bnAb-related precursors with long HCDR3s bearing bnAb-like sequence motifs. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that elicited Apex bnAb-related HCDR3s had structures combining elements of several prototype Apex bnAbs. These results achieve a critical HIV vaccine development milestone in outbred primates.

Indexed as

AIDS VaccinesAntibodies, NeutralizingBroadly Neutralizing Antibodiesenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusEpitopesHIV-1HIV AntibodiesHIV InfectionsAnimalsComplementarity Determining RegionsHumansMacaca mulattaAIDS VaccinesAntibodies, NeutralizingBroadly Neutralizing AntibodiesComplementarity Determining Regionsenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusEpitopesHIV Antibodies

Identifiers

PMID40845127
PMCPMC12453070

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.