ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2025
Global burden of cancer attributable to HIV: a worldwide incidence analysis.
Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for HIV-Associated Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Integrating Human Papillomavirus and HIV Services Into a One-Stop Breast Cancer Early Detection Clinic in Zambia.JCO global oncology · 2026Article
- From evidence to action: the IARC's role in strengthening cancer prevention and early detection.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2026Review
- Decadal trends in HIV prevalence among socio-demographic groups and health behaviours in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional seroprevalence study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Childhood ultraviolet exposure and skin cancer prevention: A call for change in national policy in South Africa.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople living with HIV are at increased risk of multiple infection-related cancers due to HIV-driven immunosuppression. However, the global burden of cancer attributable to HIV remains unestimated. We aimed to comprehensively estimate the global and regional cancer burden attributable to HIV in 2022, and to understand geographical disparities in this burden.
methodsNine cancer types considered causally linked to HIV infection were assessed in this worldwide incidence analysis: Kaposi sarcoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Hodgkin lymphoma; and cervical, anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal, and conjunctival cancer. Cancer-specific population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated, primarily from meta-analyses reporting relative risks and HIV prevalence estimates sourced from UNAIDS 2023. PAFs were applied to national cancer incidence estimates from GLOBOCAN 2022 to estimate the numbers and age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) of HIV-attributable cancers for 185 countries and territories.
findingsIn 2022, 0·4% of global cancer cases (81 300 of 19 million) were estimated to be attributable to HIV, largely driven by cervical cancer (n=30 500, HIV-attributable cancer-specific PAF 4·6%), Kaposi sarcoma (n=24 500, 70·6%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n=12 800, 2·4%). 57 300 (70·5%) of the 81 300 HIV-attributable cancer cases occurred in Africa, particularly in eastern (33 800 [41·6%] cases) and southern Africa (14 000 [17·2%] cases), where HIV was the cause of more than 10% of all cancers. ASIRs of HIV-attributable cancer were lowest in Asia (0·2 per 100 000) and reached 27·6 per 100 000 in southern Africa. The relative importance of HIV-attributable cancers varied globally, with cervical cancer accounting for 40·8% (23 400 of 57 300 cases) of HIV-attributable cancer in Africa, but less than 10% in North America (200 [5·0%] of 4000 cases) and in northern and western Europe (100 [5·3%] of 1900 cases), where anal cancer (900 [22·5%] and 500 [26·3%] cases), Kaposi sarcoma (900 [22·5%] and 500 [26·3%] cases), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1400 [35·0%] and 500 [26·3%] cases) were more common.
interpretationThe absolute and relative HIV-attributable cancer burden varies globally. These data can inform region-specific planning and evaluation of HIV control, as well as cancer-specific interventions such as vaccination and screening, to reduce the infection-related cancer burden in people living with HIV.
fundingNone.
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