Evidence mapPaperPMID 40847426Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mediating effect of BMI: a comparative analysis in Chinese and Japanese populations.

Yuheng Liao, Yong Han, Changchun Cao, Haiying Song, Haofei Hu

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Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

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3citing papers in PubMed
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3 citing papers in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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5 authors.

Yuheng Liao *Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China.
Yong Han *Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China.
Changchun Cao *Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Dapeng Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China.
Haiying SongDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China. haiyingsong2024@126.com.
Haofei HuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, China. huhaofei0319@126.com.

Funding

Medicine Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shenzhen University 2023YG033Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen SZSM202211013Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund SZXK009Supply and Demand Matching Employment-Education Integration Project 2024012936000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has emerged as a promising predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but population-specific patterns and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the association between AIP and T2DM risk in Chinese and Japanese populations, focusing on non-linear relationships, population-specific thresholds, and the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the China Rich Healthcare Group (n = 112,483) and the Japanese NAGALA database (n = 15,453). AIP was calculated as log10[triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)]. T2DM was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, or self-reported diabetes during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines were used to examine non-linear relationships. Two-piecewise regression models identified population-specific thresholds, and formal mediation analyses quantified BMI's mediating effect.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 3.0 years, 1,801 participants (1.41%) developed T2DM. AIP demonstrated a significant positive association with T2DM risk in both populations: hazard ratio (HR) per unit increase: Chinese 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-2.21; Japanese 2.42, 95% CI 1.67-3.52) after comprehensive adjustment. We identified distinct population-specific non-linear relationships with different threshold effects: in Chinese participants, T2DM risk increased significantly until AIP reached 0.436, while in Japanese participants, significant risk elevation began at AIP values exceeding - 0.449. BMI mediated a considerably higher proportion of the total effect in Chinese (39.84%) compared to Japanese participants (27.11%), indicating differential pathophysiological mechanisms.

conclusionsOur findings reveal substantial population-specific differences in the AIP-T2DM relationship, including population-specific thresholds and mediation pathways. These results underscore the importance of population-tailored screening strategies and suggest that interventions targeting lipid metabolism and BMI management may have varying efficacy across East Asian populations.

Indexed as

Atherogenic index of plasmaBody mass indexEast asian populationsHazard ratioMediation analysisPopulation comparisonThreshold effectType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40847426
PMCPMC12372214

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.