Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40849672›Full record

SynthesisAlzheimer's research & therapy2025

Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Danial Qureshi, Naomi E Allen, Elżbieta Kuźma, Thomas J Littlejohns

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Danial QureshiNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
Naomi E AllenNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
Elżbieta Kuźma *Faculty of Medicine, Albertinen Krankenhaus/Albertinen Haus gGmbH, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Hamburg, 22459, Hamburg, Germany.
Thomas J Littlejohns *Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK. thomas.littlejohns@ndph.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

CIHR DAA - 181627
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises several co-occurring vascular and cardiometabolic characteristics and might represent a novel modifiable risk factor for dementia, though findings remain inconsistent. To clarify this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies investigating the association between MetS with risk of incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

methodsWe searched Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases (from inception to Feb 19th, 2024) for longitudinal cohort studies investigating the association of MetS with incident all-cause dementia or key subtypes, including Alzheimer's, vascular, Lewy Body or other dementias. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled hazard ratios (pHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

resultsOf 4,719 studies identified, fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies combined included 4,345,741 participants who were initially free of dementia. Pooled estimates showed that, compared to participants with no MetS, those with MetS had a significantly greater risk of incident all-cause dementia (4,307,830 participants, 27,708 cases, pHR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.15, I

conclusionsOur findings demonstrate that MetS may be an important risk factor for developing dementia, and represent a potential target for prevention. Further studies are needed to understand the influence of MetS on specific dementia subtypes.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDementiaDementia, VascularMetabolic SyndromeHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesRisk FactorsAlzheimer’s diseaseDementiaLongitudinal studiesMeta-analysisMetabolic syndromeSystematic reviewVascular dementia

Identifiers

PMID40849672
PMCPMC12374402

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.