Evidence mapPaperPMID 40851900Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2025

Effects of protein supplementation on body composition, physiological adaptations, and performance during endurance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yang Xiao, ZhengWu Deng, Wei Sun, JiaYi Li, WeiFeng Gao

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yang XiaoSchool of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
ZhengWu DengChinese Volleyball Academy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Wei SunSchool of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
JiaYi LiKey Laboratory of Sports Engineering of the General Administration of Sport of China, School of Intelligent Sports Engineering, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
WeiFeng GaoSchool of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of endurance training combined with protein supplementation on body composition, physiological adaptations (aerobic/anaerobic capacity), and performance. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases on April 16, 2025, using the keywords "endurance training" and "protein supplementation." Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the main effect size of each outcome was summarized using the standard mean difference (SMD), and moderators were explored using subgroup and regression analyses. Results: A total of 23 randomized cross-over trials involving 1,146 participants were included. The results showed that protein supplementation during endurance training led to a small, nonsignificant increase in lean body mass (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.28; Discussion: In summary, protein supplementation during endurance training appears to modestly enhance endurance performance (TTE) and may offer small benefits for lean body mass, particularly in untrained individuals. However, it does not significantly affect overall body weight, fat mass, or aerobic/anaerobic capacity in the general population. Systematic review registration: Identifier, CRD420251034453, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard.

Indexed as

aerobic capacityathletic performancebody compositionendurance trainingmeta-analysisnutritional supplementsprotein supplements

Identifiers

PMID40851900
PMCPMC12369418

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.