ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Spatial, temporal and demographic distribution characteristics of adenomyosis symptom clusters from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China from 2020 to 2022.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the differences in symptom clusters of adenomyosis (AM) patients across spatial, temporal, and age-stratified dimensions based on the theory of "Treatment in Accordance with Three Categories of Etiologic Factors". Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from 2020 to 2022, involving 1,816 AM patients. Univariate analysis, symptom co-occurrence matrices, and hierarchical clustering were used to compare clinical and symptom cluster characteristics across different latitudes (low latitude area: 691 cases vs. high latitude area: 1,125 cases), seasons (warm: 652 cases vs. cold: 473 cases), and age groups (<40 years: 895 cases vs. ≥s. years: 921 cases). Results: AM symptom clusters exhibited significant geographical, seasonal, and age-related variations, with "Blood Stasis Syndrome" as the core pathological mechanism. In the spatial dimension, the high latitude region exhibited a "syndrome of Cold Coagulation" characterized by cold intolerance (co-occurrence frequency: 3,973), treated by warming Yang and dispersing cold. The low latitude region displayed a "Spleen-Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis" marked by fatigue (co-occurrence frequency: 2,492), treated by invigorating the spleen and supplementing Qi. In the temporal dimension, during cold seasons, cold intolerance (co-occurrence frequency: 2,029) reinforced the "Cold Coagulation", treated by warming Yang and dispersing cold. In warm seasons, sweating had the highest co-occurrence frequency (2,054), suggesting a "Dampness" component, treated by invigorating the spleen to resolve dampness. In the age dimension, younger patients exhibited a "Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis with Liver Qi Stagnation" with cold intolerance as the core symptom (co-occurrence frequency: 3,171), accompanied by irritability (39.66%) and premenstrual or menstrual irritability (34.30%), treated by warming Yang, dispersing cold, and soothing the liver to regulate Qi. Elder patients displayed a "Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis" pattern with fatigue as the core symptom (co-occurrence frequency: 2,121), accompanied by menorrhagia (40.28%), treated by supplementing Qi and nourishing blood. Conclusion: Integrating TCM theory with data mining techniques, this study established a "time-space-human" three-dimensional syndrome differentiation model for AM, providing a critical framework for advancing precision medicine in TCM gynecology.
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