ArticlePain reports2025
Are depression, anxiety, and fear-avoidance predictors of outcomes after digital care for chronic musculoskeletal pain?
Article in Pain reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predicting pain outcomes after digital care in chronic spinal pain: the roles of disability, work impairment, and occupation in a secondary analysis of a prospective clinical study.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Observational
- Psychological mediators in chronic spinal pain after fully remote digital rehabilitation: a real-world, large-sample study.Physical therapy · 2026Article
- Exploring the Impact of Behavioral Engagement Indicators on Pain Outcomes in AI-Enabled Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Real-World Investigation.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite compelling evidence identifying psychological predictive factors in in-person rehabilitation, their validity in remote digital care settings remains unknown. Objective: To assess whether fear-avoidance beliefs, depression, and anxiety predict pain outcomes after a digital care program (DCP) for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Methods: This ad hoc analysis of a decentralized interventional investigation included patients with CMP who underwent a DCP integrating exercise, education, and behavioral change. Pain outcomes were assessed using 4 measures: last pain score, relative pain change, achievement of postintervention mild pain, and pain response (≥30% change or last pain score ≤3). Predictors included baseline scores of Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire related to Physical Activity, Patient Health 9-item Questionnaire, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. Structural equation models evaluated their predictive value on pain outcomes, with or without including potential demographic and clinical confounders. Results: Fear-avoidance beliefs and depression symptoms were consistent predictors across all pain outcomes after confounders adjustment. Worse outcomes were associated with higher baseline fear-avoidance beliefs (eg, last pain score: β = 0.15, SE 0.04, Conclusions: Fear-avoidance beliefs and depression consistently predicted pain outcomes, reinforcing their critical role in digital rehabilitation for CMP. Multimodal, tailored approaches targeting these factors may optimize recovery in remote care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.