Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40856400›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026

Predictors and Moderators of Long-Term Outcome of Persons at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Methods and Preliminary Data.

Kristin S Cadenhead, Leda Kennedy, Heline Mirzakhanian, Jean Addington, Carrie E Bearden, Tyrone D Cannon, Ricardo E Carrión, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H Mathalon, Diana O Perkins and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kristin S CadenheadDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093-0810, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5952-4605
Leda KennedyDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093-0810, United States.
Heline MirzakhanianDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093-0810, United States.
Jean AddingtonDepartment of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
Carrie E BeardenDepartments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8516-923X
Tyrone D CannonDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
Ricardo E CarriónDepartment of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States.
Matcheri KeshavanDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA 02215-5400, United States.
Daniel H MathalonDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
Diana O PerkinsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
William StoneDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA 02215-5400, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2932-7288
Elaine F WalkerDepartments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30033, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9798-8101
Scott W WoodsDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.

Funding

1/9 Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH081902 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI CANNON, TYRONE D · 2008 to 2018
$12.4M
5/9 Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH082004 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI PERKINS, DIANA O. · 2008 to 2018
$7.5M
Administrative Supplement Harmonization of At Risk Multisite Observational Networks for Youth(HARMONY)U01MH081928 · NIMH · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI STONE, WILLIAM SETH · 2008 to 2018
$7.1M
4/9-Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH081857 · NIMH · FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI CORNBLATT, BARBARA A. · 2008 to 2018
$6.2M
8/9 Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH082022 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI WOODS, SCOTT W · 2008 to 2018
$6.0M
2/9 - Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH081988 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI WALKER, ELAINE FRAN · 2008 to 2018
$5.4M
6/9-Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH081944 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CADENHEAD, KRISTIN S. · 2008 to 2018
$4.9M
"7/9" Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH081984 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY · PI ADDINGTON, JEAN M · 2008 to 2018
$4.2M
Predictors and Moderators of Long-Term Outcome of Persons at Clinical High Risk for PsychosisR01MH123641 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CADENHEAD, KRISTIN S. · 2021 to 2024
$4.0M
9/9-Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to PsychosisU01MH076989 · NIMH · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE/RES/EDU · PI MATHALON, DANIEL H · 2014 to 2018
$3.9M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123641NIMH NIH HHS R01MH123641NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH076989NIMH NIH HHS U01MH076989NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH081857NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH081902NIMH NIH HHS U01MH081902NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH081928NIMH NIH HHS U01MH081928NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH081944NIMH NIH HHS U01MH081944NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH081984NIMH NIH HHS U01MH081984NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH081988NIMH NIH HHS U01MH081988NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH082004NIMH NIH HHS U01MH082004NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH082022NIMH NIH HHS U01MH082022NIMH NIH HHS UO1MH081857
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and hypothesisDespite significant advances in our understanding of the clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis state, the longer-term outcomes (5+ years) and the trajectory of diagnoses, symptoms, and psychosocial function have been seldom investigated.

objectiveHere we describe the methods for "Predictors and Moderators of Long-Term Outcome of Persons at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis," an ongoing study that is being conducted across North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies sites that included n = 2184 past participants (1999-2018). STUDY

designThe aims are to: (1) perform long-term assessments of individuals who previously met CHR criteria, (2) determine the 5+ year psychotic conversion rate and use previously collected longitudinal clinical, functional, neurocognitive, and biomarker data to predict longer term outcomes, and (3) investigate predictors of long-term clinical/functional outcome in CHR participants who did not convert to psychosis. STUDY

resultsPreliminary results from the first n = 504 participants demonstrate that 60% of those who previously met CHR criteria are still symptomatic. Eighteen percent of past participants converted to psychosis, half in the original studies and the remainder since last evaluated. Of those who converted to psychosis, the majority met criteria for an affective psychosis, consistent with the high rate of affective disorders (70%) in the non-converted group. An additional 7% of past participants died, substantially higher than the general population.

conclusionsThese early data highlight the potential of how this dataset, when combined with baseline data, can be used to answer new questions about the life course of high-risk youth and how we might intervene early to improve their long-term outcome.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionOutcome Assessment, Health CareProdromal SymptomsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMalePrognosisRiskYoung Adultaffective psychosisdeathincarcerationProdromeschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID40856400
PMCPMC13391608

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.