Evidence mapPaperPMID 40858818Full record

ArticleCommunications medicine2025

Subgrouping patients with ischemic heart disease by means of the Markov cluster algorithm.

Amalie D Haue, Peter C Holm, Karina Banasik, Kenny Emil Aunstrup, Christian Holm Johansen, Agnete T Lundgaard, Victorine P Muse, Timo Röder, David Westergaard, Piotr J Chmura and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Amalie D Haue *Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7656-7976
Peter C Holm *Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Karina BanasikNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2489-2499
Kenny Emil AunstrupNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christian Holm JohansenNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-2111
Agnete T LundgaardNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-6560
Victorine P MuseNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Timo RöderNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
David WestergaardNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-8432
Piotr J ChmuraNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-6918
Alex H ChristensenDepartment of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peter E WeekeDepartment of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Erik SørensenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-9077
Ole B V PedersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5976
Sisse R OstrowskiDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-3851
Kasper K IversenDepartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
Lars V KøberDepartment of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-1466
Henrik UllumStatens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henning BundgaardDepartment of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. henning.bundgaard@regionh.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0563-7049
Søren BrunakNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. soren.brunak@cpr.ku.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-5866

Funding

NordForsk 5184-00102BNovo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation) NNF14CC0001Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation) NNF17OC0027594
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is heterogeneous with respect to onset, burden of symptoms, and disease progression. We hypothesized that unsupervised clustering analysis could facilitate identification of distinct and clinically relevant multimorbidity clusters.

methodsWe included IHD patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) between 2004 and 2016 and used the earliest procedure as the index date. Patient health records were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish National Prescription Registry, and two in-hospital laboratory database systems. Genetic data were obtained from the Copenhagen Hospital Biobank. Using registered pre-index diagnosis codes (n = 3046), patients were clustered by application of the Markov Cluster algorithm. Multimorbidity clusters were then characterized using Cox regressions (new ischemic events, non-IHD mortality, and all-cause mortality) and enrichment analysis to explore both risks and phenotypical characteristics.

resultsIn a cohort of 72,249 patients with IHD (mean age 63.9 years, 63.1% males), 31 distinct clusters (C1-31, 67,136 patients) are identified. Comparing each cluster to the 30 others, seven clusters (9,590 patients) have significantly higher or lower risk of new ischemic events (five and two clusters, respectively). A total of 18 clusters (35,982 patients) have higher or lower risk of death from non-IHD causes (12 and six clusters, respectively), and 23 clusters have a statistically significant higher or lower risk for all-cause mortality. Cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases are commonly enriched in clusters (13). Distributions for 24 laboratory test results differ significantly across clusters. Polygenic risk scores are increased in a total of 15 clusters (48.4%).

conclusionsBased on prior disease profiles, unsupervised clustering robustly stratify patients with IHD in subgroups with similar clinical features and outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID40858818
PMCPMC12381225

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.