Evidence mapPaperPMID 40859355Full record

ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025

Imeglimin as an effective therapeutic approach in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review and systematic review, meta-regression and meta-analysis.

Qian Song, Rui Mae, Emad Kutbi, Abdullah Nasser AlJurayyan, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Parsa Jamilian, Maryam Falahatzadeh

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In one paragraph

Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qian SongDepartment of Osteo-Internal Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Rui MaeInternal Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Proctology, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
Emad KutbiDepartment of Biorepository, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Nasser AlJurayyanLifstock and Fisheries Development Program, Biotechnology Sector, National Fisheries Development Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Abu-ZaidCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Parsa JamilianSchool of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. Jamilianparsa@gmail.com.
Maryam FalahatzadehDepartment of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. maryamfalahatzade.mf@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImeglimin as a novel antidiabetic agent has emerged promising effects compared to previously established treatments. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis and umbrella review evaluated the efficacy and safety of Imeglimin in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central was conducted up to June 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 12 weeks of follow-up, involving adult T2DM patients, were included. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third investigator. Outcomes were pooled using random-effects or fixed-effects models based on heterogeneity. The quality of the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Also, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence.

resultsTwelve RCTs evaluating the effect of imeglimin on metabolic factors were included. Imeglimin significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD: -0.51; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.29, P < 0.001; I2 = 75.27%, P-heterogeneity < 0.001) and HbA1c (SMD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.86, -0.05, P = 0.031; I2 = 94.10%, P-heterogeneity < 0.001). Also, it improved homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (SMD: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.18, 1.01, P = 0.020; I2 = 59.30%, P-heterogeneity = 0.06). Whereas, imeglimin failed to affect insulin, level, HOMA-IR, and c-peptide level, significantly (P > 0.05). However, its unfavorable effect was shown in term of LDL (SMD: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.53, P = 0.017; I2 = 0.0%, P-heterogeneity = 0.68).

conclusionImeglimin has demonstrated efficacy and a favorable safety profile in the management of T2DM, particularly regarding glycemic control and lipid profile. Further large-scale trials across diverse populations are warranted to confirm these outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetes mellitusGlycemicImegliminMeta-analysisUmbrella

Identifiers

PMID40859355
PMCPMC12382040

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.