ArticleAnnals of medicine2025
Global, regional, and national time trends in prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease among women of reproductive age: an age-period-cohort analysis for the global Burden of Disease 2021 study.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic and Lifestyle Profiles of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Romanian and Italian Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Divergent Trajectories of the Burden of MASLD Attributable to High Fasting Plasma Glucose in China and Globally: A GBD Study 1990-2021 and Projections to 2046.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to investigate the time trends in the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among women of reproductive age (WRA) globally, regionally, and nationally from 1992 to 2021, and to explore associations with age, period, and birth cohort effects.
methodsMASLD prevalence estimates were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We used an age-period-cohort model to analyze cohort and period effects, overall annual percentage changes (net drifts), annual percentage change in each age group, and longitudinal age-specific rates.
resultsThe global prevalence of MASLD among WRA nearly doubled from 165 million in 1992 to 307 million in 2021. Fifty-one countries reported over one million cases, with China, India, and Indonesia leading. The global net drift of MASLD prevalence among WRA was 0.70% per year, with a range from 0.38% in the low sociodemographic index (SDI) region to 1.29% in the high-SDI region. Of 204 countries, 195 exhibited increasing age-standardized prevalence rates (net drift ≥ 0.0% per year), with Italy, Brunei Darussalam, and Oman showing the largest increases. Both period and cohort effects displayed unfavorable trends across most countries, except for Cambodia. Increased MASLD prevalence was associated with rising summary exposure values for high BMI, low physical activity, and high fasting plasma glucose.
conclusionsMASLD in the WRA is an increasing health problem in all countries, and is accompanied by worsening period and cohort risks. These population-level trends warrant further investigation of their clinical implications for maternal health outcomes. Future research should focus on establishing evidence-based screening strategies and evaluating the clinical utility of interventions targeting liver health in WRA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.