ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
Correlation of intestinal bacteria, fungi and dietary nutrient intake in NAFLD patients with spleen deficiency syndrome.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Niacin Derivatives in MASLD: Metabolic and Therapeutic Insights.Nutrients · 2026Review
- From "spleen governing muscle" to gut microbiota: mechanisms of sarcopenic obesity in perimenopausal women.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) is one of the primary Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diet influences NAFLD and SDS through the intestinal microbiota. The current study aimed to investigate the interrelationships of intestinal bacteria, fungi and dietary nutrient intake in NAFLD patients with SDS. Methods: The NAFLD TCM Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Scale was administered to evaluate the TCM clinical symptoms of NAFLD patients. The Spleen Deficiency PRO Scale and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were employed to respectively diagnose spleen deficiency syndrome and assess dietary nutrient intake, energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII), and dietary diversity scores (DDS) in NAFLD patients. Subsequently, stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 region sequencing to analyze the interrelationships among target intestinal bacteria, fungi, and dietary nutrient intake. Results: The NAFLD TCM PRO Scale indicated that the average score for symptoms related to SDS in NAFLD patients was 4.13 ± 0.40. Compared with NAFLD patients without SDS, those with SDS had insufficient dietary nutrient intake of diet-derived antioxidants such as carotene and folic acid, stronger pro-inflammatory effects of food, and reduced dietary diversity ( Conclusion: Symptoms related to SDS are common in patients with NAFLD. The independent and interactive effects of intestinal bacteria and fungi might have collectively influenced the immune function and inflammation levels in NAFLD patients with SDS. These processes were likely associated with the intake of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients, as well as niacin.
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