Evidence mapPaperPMID 40863213Full record

ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Metabotype Risk Clustering Based on Metabolic Disease Biomarkers and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Findings from the 2016-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Jimi Kim

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Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Jimi KimDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3931-4061

Funding

First Research Fund Program in Life in 2023 Changwon National UniversityNational Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) 2024 Glocal University Project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition involving central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, significantly increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

objectivesGiven the clinical heterogeneity of MetS, this study aimed to identify distinct metabolic phenotypes, referred to as metabotypes, using validated biomarkers and to examine their association with MetS. MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 1245 Korean adults aged 19-79 years were selected from the 2016-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabotype risk clusters were derived using k-means clustering based on five biomarkers: body mass index (BMI), uric acid, fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDLc). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations with MetS.

resultsThree distinct metabotype risk clusters (low, intermediate, and high risk) were identified. The high-risk cluster exhibited significantly worse metabolic profiles, including elevated BMI, FBG, HbA1c, triglyceride, and reduced HDLc. The prevalence of MetS increased progressively across metabotype risk clusters (OR: 5.46, 95% CI: 2.89-10.30,

conclusionThese findings support the utility of metabotyping using routine biomarkers as a tool for early identification of high-risk individuals and the development of personalized prevention strategies in clinical and public health settings.

Indexed as

biomarkerscluster analysismetabolic riskmetabolic syndromemetabotype

Identifiers

PMID40863213
PMCPMC12386031

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