Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40864047›Full record

ReviewToxins2025

Animal Venom in Modern Medicine: A Review of Therapeutic Applications.

Euikyung Kim, Du Hyeon Hwang, Ramachandran Loganathan Mohan Prakash, Ravi Deva Asirvatham, Hyunkyoung Lee, Yunwi Heo, Al Munawir, Ramin Seyedian, Changkeun Kang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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  16. Characterization ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Euikyung KimCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3356-3072
Du Hyeon HwangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7228-3340
Ramachandran Loganathan Mohan PrakashCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Ravi Deva AsirvathamCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Hyunkyoung LeeCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Yunwi HeoCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Al MunawirPathology Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University of Jember, Jember 68126, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-4108-7723
Ramin SeyedianDepartment of Pharmacology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 14174, Iran.
Changkeun KangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-5114-5096

Funding

Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) NRF-2021R1I1A306005711 and RS-2023-00276023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal venoms are complex biochemical secretions rich in highly potent and selective bioactive molecules, including peptides, enzymes, and small organic compounds. Once associated primarily with toxicity, these venoms are now recognized as a promising source of therapeutic agents for a wide range of medical conditions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological potential of venom-derived compounds, highlighting their mechanisms of action, such as ion channel modulation, receptor targeting, and enzyme inhibition. Successful venom-derived drugs like captopril and ziconotide exemplify the translational potential of this biological arsenal. We discuss therapeutic applications in cardiovascular diseases, chronic pain, cancer, thrombosis, and infectious diseases, as well as emerging peptide candidates in clinical development. Technological advancements in omics, structural biology, and synthetic peptide engineering have significantly enhanced the discovery and optimization of venom-based therapeutics. Despite challenges related to stability, immunogenicity, and ecological sustainability, the integration of AI-driven drug discovery and personalized medicine is expected to accelerate progress in this field. By synthesizing current findings and future directions, this review underscores the transformative potential of animal venoms in modern pharmacotherapy and drug development. We also discuss current therapeutic limitations and how venom-derived compounds may address unmet needs in specific disorders.

Indexed as

VenomsAnimalsDrug DiscoveryHumansVenomsanimal venombioactive compoundscaptoprildrug discoveryion channelstherapeuticsvenom peptidesziconotide

Identifiers

PMID40864047
PMCPMC12390438

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.