ArticleToxins2025
Is There a "Non-Motor Effect" of Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Cervical Dystonia in Addition to Its Effects on Motor Symptoms?
Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Botulinum Toxin A Myths, Evidence, and Global Media Narratives.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Prospective Study of Botulinum Toxin Effects on Nonmotor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Thai Patients With Craniocervical Dystonia.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- The effect of botulinum neurotoxin injection on non-motor symptoms of cervical dystonia: A prospective cohort.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- GDF15 - A potential novel biomarker of cognitive impairment in cervical dystonia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Functional Effects of BoNT-A Application in Masseter Muscle in Patients with Symptoms of Bruxism.Toxins · 2025Article
- Article
- Cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with isolated generalized dystonia: a case-control study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BoNT) in alleviating motor symptoms of cervical dystonia (CD) has been well established, and it is the treatment of choice in this disease. Lately, the effect of BoNT on non-motor symptoms (NMS) such as cognitive function, depression, anxiety, pain, and sleep disturbance has been observed in patients with CD. A comprehensive clinical and functional assessment of motor (dystonia severity, gait) and non-motor symptoms (cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, sleep, and pain) has been performed in a total of 34 adult patients with cervical dystonia before and after BoNT treatment. Results have also been compared to a control group. Significant improvements in the scales assessing dystonia severity have been observed, which is in line with previous studies on the effect of BoNT on motor symptoms in dystonia. Interestingly, the results also clearly indicate that BoNT has a positive effect on NMS. Among the studied non-motor domains, depression and cognitive functions improved the most after the treatment procedure. The study highlights the potential of BoNT to positively influence non-motor symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia, although its effect on various NMS is not equal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.