ArticleToxins2025
Kynurenine Promotes Phosphate-Induced Endothelial Calcification via Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, Osteoblastic Differentiation and AhR Activation.
Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Focus on the Kynurenine Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Uremic Toxin-Driven Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Molecular Pathways and Integrated Phenotypes.Toxins · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the accumulation of solutes normally excreted by the kidneys contributes to multiple complications, including vascular calcification (VC), a key factor in the heightened cardiovascular risk seen in these patients. Among VC drivers, hyperphosphatemia and the uremic milieu are major contributors. Kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite classified as a uremic toxin, may further exacerbate this process. This study investigated whether kynurenine amplifies high phosphate (Pi)-induced calcification in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Cells were treated with Pi and kynurenine for up to seven days. Kynurenine increased Pi-induced calcium deposition by 36%, accompanied by enhanced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and osteoblastic differentiation. Mechanistically, kynurenine activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, and pharmacological inhibition of AhR partially attenuated this effect. These findings suggest that kynurenine contributes to VC in ESRD by potentiating phosphate-induced endothelial dysfunction via AhR signaling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.