Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40866263›Full record

ArticleInternal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)2026

Blood Levels of Homocysteine Predict Cardiovascular Events, but Not Alzheimer Disease Dementia, during a 4.7-year Follow-up in Patients with Vascular Risk Factors.

Kazuo Kitagawa, Sono Toi, Hiroshi Yoshizawa, Kenichi Todo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kazuo KitagawaDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan.
Sono ToiDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan.
Hiroshi YoshizawaDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan.
Kenichi TodoDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective The homocysteine levels are risk factors for vascular events and dementia. However, whether their predictive validity is similar remains unknown. We compared the utility of the homocysteine levels for predicting vascular events and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia in the same population. Methods This study was a Japanese hospital-based cohort study. A total of 426 patients with vascular risk factors were followed for a median of 4.65 years. Based on the homocysteine levels, patients were divided into three groups: 1st tertile (≤8.2 nmol/L, n=141), 2nd tertile (8.3-10.9 nmol/L, n=141), and 3rd tertile (≥11.0 nmol/L, n=144). They were also divided with the cut-off value of 15.0 nmol/L into high (n=55) and low (n=371) groups. The outcomes were stroke, major cardiovascular events (MACE), and AD dementia. Results During follow-up, stroke, MACE, and AD dementia occurred in 23, 31, and 15 patients, respectively. Patients in the 3rd tertile and high groups were more likely to have incident stroke and MACE than those in the other tertiles or low group. Patients with high homocysteine levels had a higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio 3.59; 95% confidence interval 1.09-11.83) and MACE (hazard ratio 5.19; 95% confidence interval 1.90-14.15) than those with low homocysteine levels after adjustment for confounding factors. However, no association was observed between the homocysteine levels and AD. Conclusion High serum homocysteine levels, especially more than 15.0 nmol/L, were significantly associated with vascular events but not with AD dementia in the same population during a 4.65-year follow-up period.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCardiovascular DiseasesHomocysteineAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsRisk FactorsStrokeBiomarkersHomocysteinedementiahomocysteinemajor cardiovascular eventstroke

Identifiers

PMID40866263
PMCPMC13106788

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.