Evidence mapPaperPMID 40867089Full record

SynthesisPhytotherapy research : PTR2025

The Impact of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Supplementation on Diabetes and Obesity Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Ying Fan, Lei Wu, Yalan Zhang, Qin Hu, Jing Mei, Kousalya Prabahar, Benjamin Hernández-Wolters, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, Changjiang Lei, Su Zheng

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Investigating the Impact ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ying FanDepartment of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Lei WuDepartment of Orthopedics, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yalan ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Qin HuDepartment of Neurology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jing MeiDepartment of Ultrasound Imaging, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Kousalya PrabaharDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Benjamin Hernández-WoltersUniversity Center for Health Science, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Hamed Kord-VarkanehUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-4405
Changjiang LeiDepartment of Endocrinology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Su ZhengDepartment of Rehabilitation, Taihe Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medical), Shiyan, Hubei, China.

Funding

Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project NO.WJ2023M135Hubei province top medical youth talent programTraditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine NO.ZY2023F064
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of okra on diabetes biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. These inconsistencies may stem from factors such as dosage, intervention duration, and study design. To address these discrepancies, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) supplementation on diabetes and obesity markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Relevant studies published up to July 15, 2024, were identified through comprehensive searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Embase. Studies were included if they assessed the effects of okra supplementation on diabetes and obesity biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. A random-effects model was employed to calculate effect sizes, reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of six eligible RCTs was included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that okra supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: -21.72 mg/dL, 95% CI: -36.86 to -6.58, p = 0.005) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (WMD: -0.42%, 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.19, p < 0.001). However, no significant effects were observed on insulin levels (WMD: 0.54 μU/mL, 95% CI: -1.03 to 2.12, p = 0.498), insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.31, 95% CI: -1.37 to 0.75, p = 0.566), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.24 kg/m

Indexed as

AbelmoschusDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary SupplementsObesityBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanAbelmoschus esculentusBMIFBGHbA1cokratype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40867089
PMCPMC12504793

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.