Evidence mapPaperPMID 40868096Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2025

Pathophysiology of Prediabetes Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in the Cardiovascular System.

Ghassan Bkaily, Ashley Jazzar, Amira Abou-Aichi, Danielle Jacques

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ghassan BkailyDepartment of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
Ashley JazzarDepartment of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
Amira Abou-AichiDepartment of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.ORCID 0009-0004-7666-2243
Danielle JacquesDepartment of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.

Funding

CIHR PPT-186175National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2017-05508 and RGPIN-2016-04414
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hyperinsulinemia refers to an elevated level of circulating insulin (80 and 100 µU/mL), often leading to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is no precise and universally accepted definition of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The literature in the field remains unclear regarding whether insulin resistance precedes the development of hyperinsulinemia. Recently, a new hypothesis has been proposed suggesting that chronic hyperinsulinemia precedes and causes insulin resistance. The causes of the initiation of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are multifactorial. Thus, it is not easy to define in general. Recent work demonstrates that the main prediabetic factor leading to insulin resistance is chronic hyperinsulinemia. However, recent work in the literature proposes that relatively long-term hyperinsulinemia does precede insulin resistance and already promotes cardiovascular remodeling. This later may lead to the development of vascular diseases such as hypertension. Thus, defining hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their signaling pathways implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), needs to be clarified.

Indexed as

calciumcardiovascular diseaseexcitation-secretion couplinghyperinsulinemiainsulininsulin receptorinsulin resistanceinsulin signalinginternalisationNCXNHEobesityprediabetesROStype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40868096
PMCPMC12383672

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.