ArticleGenes2025
Abnormal ERV Expression and Its Clinical Relevance in Colon Cancer.
Article in Genes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigation of the expression level of human endogenous retrovirus E env transcript in cervical cancer.Retrovirology · 2026Article
- Activation of endogenous retroviruses in tumor cells and their immunomodulatory mechanisms: from molecular basis to clinical translation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Endogenous retroviruses and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesHuman endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genomic sequences integrated into the human genome from ancestral exogenous retroviruses and are epigenetically silenced under normal conditions. Growing evidence has shown that they can be reactivated in human diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, their clinical implications in colon cancer are yet to be explored.
methodsRNA-seq data were downloaded from RNA Atlas and TCGA for cell lines and tissue samples, respectively. After alignment, ERV expression was quantified against comprehensively compiled ERVs (3220). ERV expression profiles were compared between sequencing protocols, cancer and normal cells, and matched tumor and normal tissue pairs. Unsupervised clustering was used to identify ERV-defined tumor subtypes and their associations with clinical and other molecular features. ERV association with disease-specific survival (DSS) was performed using the Cox regression model.
resultsPolyA and total RNA protocols were comparable in ERV expression detection. Cancer cells had significantly increased ERV expression and reactivation. Upregulated ERVs were significantly enriched in viral protein interactions with cytokine and cytokine receptors. ERV expression-defined tumor classes were significantly associated with tumor mutation burden and immuno-phenotypes such as antigen processing and presenting machinery and tumor immune infiltration score. Survival analysis identified 152 ERVs to be independently associated with DSS.
conclusionsERV abnormal expression is common in colon cancer. The ERV-defined subtypes are associated with tumor immunity, and some ERVs are independently associated with patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
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