Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40872074›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Assessing Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements Using Eye-Tracking Technology in Patients with Schizophrenia Under Treatment: A Pilot Study.

Luis Benigno Contreras-Chávez, Valdemar Emigdio Arce-Guevara, Luis Fernando Guerrero, Alfonso Alba, Miguel G Ramírez-Elías, Edgar Roman Arce-Santana, Victor Hugo Mendez-Garcia, Jorge Jimenez-Cruz, Anna Maria Maddalena Bianchi, Martin O Mendez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Luis Benigno Contreras-ChávezCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.
Valdemar Emigdio Arce-GuevaraCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-7973-7758
Luis Fernando GuerreroCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.
Alfonso AlbaCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.
Miguel G Ramírez-ElíasCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-5233-9581
Edgar Roman Arce-SantanaCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6385-0163
Victor Hugo Mendez-GarciaCI3M Lab, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-5441-2321
Jorge Jimenez-CruzDepartment of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Hospital University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1892-790X
Anna Maria Maddalena BianchiDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8290-7460
Martin O MendezDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3623-731X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that affects mental organization and cognitive functions, including concentration and memory. One notable manifestation of cognitive changes in schizophrenia is a diminished ability to scan and perform tasks related to visual inspection. From the three evaluable aspects of the ocular movements (saccadic, smooth pursuit, and fixation) in particular, smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) involves the tracking of slow moving objects and is closely related to attention, visual memory, and processing speed. However, evaluating smooth pursuit in clinical settings is challenging due to the technical complexities of detecting these movements, resulting in limited research and clinical application. This pilot study investigates whether the quantitative metrics derived from eye-tracking data can distinguish between patients with schizophrenia under treatment and healthy controls. The study included nine healthy participants and nine individuals receiving treatment for schizophrenia. Gaze trajectories were recorded using an eye tracker during a controlled visual tracking task performed during a clinical visit. Spatiotemporal analysis of gaze trajectories was performed by evaluating three different features: polygonal area, colocalities, and direction difference. Subsequently, a support vector machine (SVM) was used to assess the separability between healthy individuals and those with schizophrenia based on the identified gaze trajectory features. The results show statistically significant differences between the control and subjects with schizophrenia for all the computed indexes (

Indexed as

Eye-Tracking TechnologyPursuit, SmoothSchizophreniaAdultEye MovementsFemaleFixation, OcularHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsSupport Vector Machineclassificationeye movementpsychiatric disorderSVMtrajectory analysis

Identifiers

PMID40872074
PMCPMC12389867

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.