Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40872801›Full record

SynthesisViruses2025

The Magnitude and Patterns of Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations and Circulating HIV-1 Subtypes in HIV Patients in Tanzania, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Shimba Henerico, Christa Kasang, Benson R Kidenya, Deodatus Sabas, Violet D Kajogoo, Gert Van Zyl, Wolfgang Preiser, Stephen E Mshana, Samuel E Kalluvya

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Shimba HenericoBugando Medical Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1370, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0003-3659-0615
Christa KasangGerman Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association (DAHW), Raiffeisenstraße 3, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0241-0321
Benson R KidenyaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0001-6056-4156
Deodatus SabasDirectorate of Library Services, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-0302-7087
Violet D KajogooTanzania Diabetes Association (TDA), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65201, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-6122-3828
Gert Van ZylNational Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7602, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-3021-5101
Wolfgang PreiserNational Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7602, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0254-7910
Stephen E MshanaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania.
Samuel E KalluvyaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania.

Funding

Else Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation 2018_HA10SP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence and spread of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) pose a threat to current and future treatment options. To inform policy, this review aimed to determine the magnitude and patterns of DRMs in patients on ART in Tanzania. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE through PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL up to December 2024. A total of 9685 HIV patients from 23 eligible studies were analyzed. The prevalence of virological failure in studies that used a threshold of >1000 and >400 copies/mL was 24.83% (95% CI: 17.85-32.53%) and 36.94% (95% CI: 24.79-50.00%), respectively. Major DRMs were observed at 87.61% (95% CI: 76.25-95.91%). A decrease in prevalence was observed in studies conducted from 2019, with a pooled prevalence of 62.15% (95% CI: 31.57-88.33%). The most frequently observed HIV-1 subtypes were subtype C at 36.20% (95% CI: 30.71-41.85%), A1 at 33.13% (95% CI: 28.23-38.20%), and subtype D at 16.00% (95% CI: 11.41-21.12%), while recombinant forms of the virus were observed at 13.29% (95% CI: 9.79-17.17%). The prevalence of DRMs against NRTIs and NNRTIs was significantly high, while that against INSTIs and PIs was low, supporting the continued use of PI- and INSTI-based regimens in Tanzania and the need for continued surveillance of DRMs.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralHIV-1HIV InfectionsMutationGenotypeHumansPrevalenceTanzaniaAnti-HIV AgentsHIV-1 subtypesHIV drug resistancesystematic review and meta-analysisTanzania

Identifiers

PMID40872801
PMCPMC12390731

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.