Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40873496›Full record

ArticleBurns & trauma2025

The homeostasis and heterogeneity of regulatory T cells in sepsis.

Dan Wu, Hao Zhang, Changhong Miao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Burns & trauma, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Dan WuDepartment of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Hao ZhangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Changhong MiaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-8308

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sepsis poses a critical threat to global health, mainly due to the disruption of immune homeostasis, which critically influences both early death and long-term adverse outcomes. Current evidence shows that regulatory T (Treg) cells-key mediators of adaptive immunity-play an essential role in maintaining immunological balance during sepsis progression. During the initial hyperinflammatory phase, Treg cells actively suppress excessive inflammation, reducing tissue damage. Paradoxically, in the subsequent immunosuppressive phase, expanded Treg populations may exacerbate immunosuppression by inhibiting effector cell function, ultimately leading to poorer clinical outcomes. Recent research has identified novel Treg-specific biomarkers in sepsis and explained how the septic environment affects Treg cell numbers and function through various signaling pathways. This review combines current understanding of the phenotypic features and roles of Treg cells in sepsis, examines the regulatory mechanisms controlling Treg dynamics within the inflammatory setting, and explores therapeutic strategies targeting Treg cells across different immune phases, emphasizing both existing challenges and future directions.

Indexed as

CheckpointImmunotherapyregulatory T cellSepsis

Identifiers

PMID40873496
PMCPMC12378600

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.