ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025
Limited 12-hour pharmacokinetic assessment of CBD and CBDA isolates compared to their full-spectrum extracts in healthy adult beagles.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation of combined oral administration of cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The rapidly expanding market for therapeutic cannabinoid products has intensified research on their safety and efficacy in pets. Full-spectrum hemp extracts contain compounds such as terpenoids and flavonoids that may act synergistically via the "entourage effect," yet their application in companion animals remains underexplored. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of isolated and full-spectrum cannabinoids in dogs. Methods: Eight healthy adult Beagle dogs (four males and four females) were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design (two dogs per kennel, same sex), consisting of four experimental periods and four treatments: CBD isolate (1 mg/kg), CBDA isolate (1 mg/kg), CBDA full spectrum (FS) (1 mg/kg), and a combined CBD/CBDA FS (1 mg/kg). Treatments were administered twice daily (every 12 h). In the morning, dogs received their assigned treatment following their daily ration of dry kibble and were immediately offered 122 grams of wet food. Each experimental period lasted 1 week and was followed by a three-week washout period. Results: No adverse events were associated with any treatment. CBDA showed higher Cmax and AUC than CBD in both isolate and FS forms ( Conclusion: CBDA demonstrated superior absorption compared to CBD. No evidence supported enhanced absorption from full-spectrum products, suggesting the "entourage effect" may involve receptor-level interactions rather than absorption. All treatments were well tolerated, with normal CBC and chemistry results, indicating that administering CBD or CBDA, either as isolates or in full-spectrum extracts, at 1 mg/kg every 12 h for 1 week is safe in healthy adult dogs. This is the first comprehensive comparison of full-spectrum, isolate, and acidic cannabinoid forms in dogs.
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Registered trials
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