Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40874398›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with obesity: A target trial emulation study.

Huilin Tang, Yiwen Lu, Bingyu Zhang, Ting Zhou, Dazheng Zhang, Jiajie Chen, Yong Chen, David A Asch, Yong Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Huilin TangThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5814-6657
Yiwen LuThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Bingyu ZhangThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ting ZhouThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Dazheng ZhangThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Jiajie ChenThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Yong ChenPfizer Inc., New York City, New York, USA.
David A AschLeonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Yong ChenThe Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

Coordinating Individually Measured Phenotypes to Advance Mental Health ResearchU24MH136069 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$2.6M
Novel evidence-accumulation-driven methods for characterizing kidney stone progressionR01DK128237 · NIDDK · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · 2024 to 2025
$1.3M
PANDA-MSD: Predictive Analytics via Networked Distributed Algorithms for Multi-System DiseasesU01TR003709 · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2025 to 2025
$1.1M
TRiPOD: Toward Reusable Phenotypes in Observational Data for AD/ADRD - managing definitions and correcting biasR01AG073435 · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2025 to 2025
$760k
Surrogate Augmented Deep Predictive Learning for Retinopathy of PrematurityR21EY034179 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Yong Chen, Lifang He · 2023 to 2023
$482k
CLC NIH HHS R01AG073435CLC NIH HHS R01DK128237CLC NIH HHS R01LM013519CLC NIH HHS R21AI167418CLC NIH HHS R21EY034179CLC NIH HHS R56AG074604CLC NIH HHS RF1AG077820CLC NIH HHS U01TR003709CLC NIH HHS U24MH136069NCATS NIH HHS U01 TR003709NEI NIH HHS R21 EY034179NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI167418NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073435NIA NIH HHS R56 AG074604NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG077820NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK128237NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH136069NLM NIH HHS R01 LM013519
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide cardiovascular and renal benefits in type 2 diabetes, but their real-world effects in individuals with obesity without diabetes are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of GLP-1RAs versus other anti-obesity medications (AOMs) in adults with obesity. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis target trial emulation used TriNetX electronic health records (July 2021-May 2025) to identify adults with obesity and no diabetes history who initiated GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide) or other AOMs. Outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse kidney events (MAKE), all-cause mortality, mental health conditions, and safety outcomes. Propensity score matching (1:1) balanced baseline characteristics; Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsThe study included 140 169 matched pairs of GLP-1RA and AOM initiators. Mean follow-up was 392 days for GLP-1RA users and 564 days for AOM users. Compared to AOMs, GLP-1RA use was associated with lower risks of MACE (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.81), MAKE (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55-0.74), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.42-0.57). Mental health outcomes also improved, with reduced risks of depression (HR, 0.63), suicidal ideation/attempt (HR, 0.42), and substance use disorder (HR, 0.58). GLP-1RAs were not associated with increased risks of acute pancreatitis (HR, 1.17), hypoglycemia (HR, 1.08), or gastrointestinal symptoms (HR, 0.99).

conclusionsAmong adults with obesity but without diabetes, GLP-1RA use was associated with reduced cardiovascular, kidney, mortality, and mental health risks compared to other AOMs.

Indexed as

Anti-Obesity AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsKidney DiseasesObesityAdultAgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like PeptidesHumansKidneyLiraglutideMaleAnti-Obesity AgentsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideSemaglutideanti‐obesity medicationGLP‐1 receptor agonistsmajor adverse cardiovascular eventsmajor adverse kidney events

Identifiers

PMID40874398
PMCPMC12515787

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.