SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2026
Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperkinetic disorder of pediatric and adult populations in clinical settings: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Narrative and Non-Narrative Discourse Skills in ADHD Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: transition to psychotic disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- A comprehensive overview of the biological foundations of ADHD.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Guanfacine as a Treatment Option for Persistent Mental Restlessness and Deliberate Self-harm Thoughts in a Patient with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Case Report.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Enuresis, ADHD and BDNF: A Narrative Review of the Hypothesized Interconnections and Potential Triplet Relationship.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Diverging trends in neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses among children aged below 16 years in Kazakhstan (2014-2024): a national registry study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Levomethadone Selectively Reduces Emotional Impulsivity in ASRS-Positive ADHD-OUD Patients, Independent of Dose Escalation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pain in Children With ADHD: Mechanisms, Clinical Presentation, and Implications for Assessment and Management.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Review
- Gray matter volume alterations in adolescents with ADHD are associated with cell type-specific transcriptional signatures.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Disorder (HD) is linked to increased risks of morbidity, comorbidity and mortality, with higher prevalence in clinical populations. The differential prevalence of ADHD/HD across adult and pediatric clinical populations, influenced by factors such as time trends, sex, age, geographic regions, and comorbidities, has not been systematically assessed.
methodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 1st August 2023 for eligible full-text papers published in English, and reviewing reference lists of identified studies and review papers. Studies reporting ADHD/HD prevalence in adult and pediatric clinical populations were included. Meta-regression evaluated the effects of geographic region, year of publication and sample size.
resultsFrom 30,740 citations, we reviewed 521 full-text articles, yielding 311 studies for inclusion (including 653,558 pediatric and 43,311 adult participants). Overall, worldwide pooled prevalence of ADHD/HD in clinical settings for pediatrics was 32.4% (95% CI 31-34%), and in adults 21.4% (95% CI 20-23%). Prevalence was higher in outpatient settings than inpatient settings. Prevalence based on rating scales was higher than studies using diagnostic interviews or clinical record review. Prevalence varied significantly across subspecialist settings for children and adults. No significant time trend was detected between 1981-2023. Pediatric prevalence appears influenced by geographic region but not year of publication or sample size. For adults, larger sample sizes were associated with lower prevalence estimates.
conclusionsADHD/HD prevalence in clinical populations is 8-9-fold higher than community estimates. With these patients at risk for many adverse outcomes, our findings underscore the critical importance of resource allocation for screening, diagnosing and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.