Evidence mapPaperPMID 40879042Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2025

Adherence to Lipid-Lowering Therapies and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Laney K Jones, Cara East, Om P Ganda, Michael R Gionfriddo

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Laney K JonesDepartment of Genomic Health Research Institute, Geisinger Danville PA USA.
Cara EastBaylor Research Institute Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital Dallas TX USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5405-0941
Om P GandaJoslin Diabetes Center Boston MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4779-9273
Michael R GionfriddoDivision of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, School of Pharmacy Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1391-7072

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPersistently elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite the availability of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), most patients with ASCVD do not achieve guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Poor adherence to LLT is a key barrier to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering and may be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between adherence to LLT and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ASCVD.

methodsSystematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were performed in March 2023 (updated September 2024). Observational studies in adults with clinical ASCVD reporting objective measures of adherence or persistence to LLT and cardiovascular outcomes, including death, cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiovascular events, were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Clinical Advances Through Research and Information Translation tool.

resultsOf 12 466 unique records identified, 39 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies only reported adherence to statins (33/39), and most measured adherence using proportion of days covered (25/39). Using an adherence threshold of ≥80%, adherence to LLT was shown to statistically significantly reduce risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56 [95% CI, 0.34-0.92];

conclusionsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, adherence to LLT was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events in patients with clinical ASCVD. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; identifier: CRD42023427146.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCholesterol, LDLHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypolipidemic AgentsMedication AdherenceHumansTreatment OutcomeCholesterol, LDLHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypolipidemic Agentsadherenceatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaselipid‐lowering therapypersistencestatin

Identifiers

PMID40879042
PMCPMC12553466

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.