SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2025
The disease burden of ILD at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021, and projections until 2035: the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-specific trends in incidence and mortality of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis in China compared with global estimates, 1990-2023: an analysis of GBD 2023.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Genetic analysis of genes GSTP1, PTEN, and TP53 SNPs in non-melanoma skin cancer patients.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Climate Change and the Impact On Interstitial Lung Diseases.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Burden and trends of decubitus ulcers in East Asia, 1990-2021, with projections to 2031: a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- PSO-BiLSTM-Attention: An Interpretable Deep Learning Model Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization for Accurate Ischemic Heart Disease Incidence Forecasting.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global burden of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to high alcohol consumption from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an important component of the global disease burden and health challenges. This study aims to describe and analyze the global and regional disease burden of ILD, and predict future epidemiological trends. Methods: The data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factors (GBD) were used to conduct a secondary analysis on the incidence rate, mortality and disability adjusted life year (DALY) of ILD in 21 regions and 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021, stratified by time, space, gender, age and social demographic index (SDI). The Joinpoint regression model is used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Using Bayesian Age Period cohort (BAPC) model to predict the global disease burden trend of ILD in 2035. Results: In 2021, the incidence, mortality, and DALY of ILD have all increased compared to before, while the ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of ILD have also shown an upward trend. It is worth noting that the disease burden of males and the elderly is generally higher than that of females and other age groups. Meanwhile, cross-border inequality analysis shows that a disproportionate burden of ILD is concentrated in countries with higher SDI. Decomposition analysis shows that population growth and aging have become important influencing factors of ILD disease burden. The age period cohort effect indicates a roughly positive correlation between disease risk and age. Frontier analysis indicates that countries with higher SDI have greater potential for burden improvement. It is expected that the disease burden of ILD will increase by 2035. Conclusion: The disease burden of ILD remains an important health issue globally. Exploring disease differences among different regions, genders, and ages, analyzing the disease burden and future trends of ILD, is of great significance for developing targeted prevention strategies, optimizing healthcare accessibility, and improving diagnostic interventions.
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