ArticleScandinavian journal of immunology2025
Treat-To-Target: Emergence of Second-Generation CD40L Inhibitors for Treatment of SLE-Identifying Beneficial Patient Candidates for CD40L Inhibitors in a Cross-Sectional SLE Cohort.
Article in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Clinical applications and challenges of CD40/CD40L signaling regulation in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Treat-To-Target: Emergence of Second-Generation CD40L Inhibitors for Treatment of SLE-Identifying Beneficial Patient Candidates for CD40L Inhibitors in a Cross-Sectional SLE Cohort.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and varying degrees of organ involvement. The CD40-CD40 Ligand (CD40L) pathway is implicated in autoimmune responses, with elevated levels of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) observed in SLE patients. This study investigates sCD40L as a biomarker for disease activity and its utility in stratifying patients for CD40L-targeted therapies. Plasma levels of sCD40L were quantified in SLE patients (n = 169) and healthy controls (n = 100). Correlations between sCD40L levels and disease activity measures were analysed using Spearman's correlation and logistic regression. K-means clustering grouped patients based on sCD40L concentrations, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess relationships among disease activity variables. SLE patients exhibited significantly higher sCD40L levels (median 2.2 ng/mL) than healthy controls (median 0.81 ng/mL; p = 0.0079). Elevated sCD40L levels correlated weakly with higher SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores (p = 0.0418), positive Anti-Nuclear Antibody status (p = 0.0133), increased IgG levels (p = 0.0148) and decreased lymphocyte counts (p = 0.0327). Clustering analysis and PCA revealed that patients with higher sCD40L levels tended to have increased disease activity, elevated anti-dsDNA antibody concentrations, and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Elevated sCD40L levels in SLE patients correlate with disease activity markers, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression and severity. Additionally, sCD40L may aid in stratifying patients who could benefit from CD40L-targeted therapies within a treat-to-target framework. Further longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate and explore the role of sCD40L in personalised SLE treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.