Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40885935›Full record

Observational studyBMC pulmonary medicine2025

Progression from GOLD A/B to GOLD E: a claims analysis of patients with COPD newly initiating inhaled therapy.

Trishul Siddharthan, Sanjay Sethi, Emily Wan, Claudia Lamprey, Kavita Aggarwal, Amy Dixon, Yi Pan, Vickram Tejwani

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Characterization of Patients with COPD and GOLD E Classification in the United States.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Trishul SiddharthanMiller School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, FL, Miami, USA. tsiddhar@miami.edu.
Sanjay SethiJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Emily WanChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Claudia LampreyVerona Pharma plc, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Kavita AggarwalVerona Pharma plc, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Amy DixonVerona Pharma plc, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Yi PanStratevi, Boston, MA, USA.
Vickram TejwaniDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Acute COPD exacerbations are a primary driver of significant burden and contribute to disease progression.

methodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study used the Optum Clinformatics

resultsOf the 156,462 included patients, the largest proportion of patients (46.6%) were initiated on long-acting beta-agonists/inhaled corticosteroids. The majority of patients progressed to GOLD E over 5 years. The risk of progressing to GOLD E was approximately 3 times higher in the GOLD A/B1 versus GOLD A/B0 group (hazard ratio [HR] 2.92; 95% CI 2.84-3.00; P < 0.001). The strongest predictor of progressing to GOLD E was history of having a moderate exacerbation. Other independent predictors included older age, having Medicare versus commercial insurance, and the presence of Elixhauser comorbidities.

conclusionsDespite use of inhaled maintenance treatments for COPD, most patients still progressed to a frequent or severe exacerbator phenotype. New therapies are needed to modify the disease trajectory in COPD.

Indexed as

Adrenal Cortex HormonesPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAdministration, InhalationAdultAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansInsurance Claim ReviewMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexAdrenal Cortex HormonesChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDatabase studyDisease progressionExacerbationsInhaled maintenance therapy

Identifiers

PMID40885935
PMCPMC12399005

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.