Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40887578›Full record

Observational studyCardiovascular diabetology2025

SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists: impact on mortality in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.

Ziad Arow, Tzipi Hornik-Lurie, Ranin Hilu, Ela Giladi, Yoav Arnson, Hana Vaknin-Assa, Abid Assali, David Pereg, CARDIAB research group

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter StudyComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ziad ArowCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Tzipi Hornik-LurieMeir Medical Center Research Institute, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Ranin HiluCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Ela GiladiCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Yoav ArnsonCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Hana Vaknin-AssaCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Abid AssaliCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.
David PeregCardiology Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel. davidpe@tauex.tau.ac.il.
CARDIAB research group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), yet remain underutilized in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate real-world treatment patterns and associated mortality outcomes among patients with T2D and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

methodsThe CARdiovascular and DIABetes (CARDIAB) cohort included 138,397 patients with T2D and ASCVD. Patients were categorized into four treatment groups: (i) both SGLT2-I and GLP-1RA, (ii) SGLT2-I only, (iii) GLP-1RA only, and (iv) neither medication. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

resultsOf the 138,397 patients, 57% received neither SGLT2-I nor GLP-1RA, 17% received both, 20% received SGLT2-I only, and 6% received GLP-1RA only. Female sex, older age, non-coronary ASCVD, and absence of follow-up in specialized cardiology or diabetes clinics were associated with lower treatment rates. Compared to those receiving neither medication, all-cause mortality was significantly lower among patients treated with SGLT2-I only (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.27-0.29), GLP-1RA only (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.37-0.40) and both agents (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.16-0.18). This association remained significant following a multivariate analysis.

conclusionIn patients with T2D and ASCVD, treatment with SGLT2-I and GLP-1RA, especially in combination, is associated with a substantial reduction in mortality. These findings highlight significant gaps in implementation and the urgent need to optimize use of evidence-based therapies in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsIncretinsPractice Patterns, Physicians'Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedCause of DeathDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsIncretinsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA)Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I)Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40887578
PMCPMC12400556

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.