Evidence mapPaperPMID 40887579Full record

Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2025

Weight-independent amelioration of adipokine profile by enavogliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Young Sang Lyu, Hansol Lee, Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Cheol-Young Park

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialClinical Trial, Phase IIIMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Young Sang LyuDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-1215
Hansol LeeDaewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-3766
Kyung-Soo KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-2284
Sangmo HongDepartment of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0004-0570-3514
Cheol-Young ParkDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea. cydoctor@skku.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-9965

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveThe metabolic benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in clinical application are well established; however, there is dearth of knowledge on their impact on adipokine regulation. This study investigated the effect of enavogliflozin on adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

methodsThis secondary analysis of a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated changes in serum adiponectin and leptin over 24 weeks. Analysis of covariance was used with baseline values and weight change as covariates to examine whether the effects of enavogliflozin persisted after adjusting for weight change. Correlations between adipokine changes and key metabolic parameters were also assessed.

resultsOver the 24 weeks, the enavogliflozin group showed increased adiponectin levels with a least squares (LS) mean difference of 0.98 mg/L compared with the placebo group, while leptin levels showed a significant decrease with an LS mean difference of -2.99 µg/L. Enavogliflozin significantly reduced leptin levels over 24 weeks after adjusting for weight change; however, adiponectin changes were not significant after adjusting for weight change. Adiponectin levels significantly increased across weight loss categories, but leptin showed no significant differences. Leptin changes over 24 weeks significantly were positively correlated with changes in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function but significantly negatively correlated with changes in serum ketone and urinary glucose-to-creatinine ratio.

conclusionsEnavogliflozin treatment decreased leptin over 24 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes, and this effect remained significant after adjusting for weight change, suggesting an improved adipokine profile. Reductions in leptin were also associated with improvements in insulin resistance and increases in serum ketone levels. These results highlight enavogliflozin as a potential treatment beyond glycemic control, offering additional benefits in managing metabolic dysregulation associated with type 2 diabetes.

trial registrationNot applicable (post hoc analysis).

Indexed as

AdipokinesAdiponectinBenzhydryl CompoundsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsLeptinSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedBenzofuransBiomarkersBlood GlucoseDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansInsulin Resistance1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitolAdipokinesAdiponectinADIPOQ protein, humanBenzhydryl CompoundsBenzofuransBiomarkersBlood GlucoseEnavogliflozinGlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsLEP protein, humanLeptinSLC5A2 protein, humanSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSorbitolAdiponectinEnavogliflozinInsulin resistanceLeptinSGLT2 inhibitorUrine ketone

Identifiers

PMID40887579
PMCPMC12400600

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.