ArticleIntensive care medicine experimental2025
Comparison of changes in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output during cardiogenic shock development in a porcine model.
Article in Intensive care medicine experimental, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLow systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a key criterion for diagnosing cardiogenic shock (CS) caused by a reduction in stroke volume and cardiac output (CO). The temporal interaction between changes in pressure and flow has not been well described in the development of CS. In a large animal model, we assessed the temporal relationships of SBP, CO, and blood flow in the carotid artery during induction of CS.
methodsFifteen adult Danish landrace pigs (median weight 71 kg) underwent CS induction by stepwise injection of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres into the left main coronary artery every 3 min to induce microvascular obstruction. After each injection, CO, SBP, and mixed venous saturation (SvO
resultsCS occurred after a mean of 8 (range 5 to 19) boluses of microspheres. SBP declined from 99 (± 15) mmHg to 74 (± 6) mmHg, equal to 74 (± 13)% of the baseline value. CO was reduced to 5.8 (± 0.7) L/min to 2.2 (± 1.3) L/min, equal to 38 (± 23)% and SvO
conclusionIn a porcine model of ischemic myocardial injury, the decrease in blood flow and stroke volume preceded a decline in SBP, suggesting pressure preservation occurs in the presence of hypoperfusion.
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